Cognitive and research activities in the second junior group of kindergarten, project, lesson notes

Lesson on cognitive and research activities in the second junior group of kindergarten

Children 3–4 years old have an inquisitive mind; they can be interested in any subject in any situation, spontaneously. It is important for the teacher to notice such moments during the children’s independent activities in order to include them in joint research work. Elements of experimentation with younger preschoolers are used during classes on the surrounding world (“Orange, its features,” “What is snow”), during creative classes (“Mixing colors,” “Learning to sculpt from clay”), musical (“How do they sound?” metal, clay, porcelain bells"), etc. Observations on walks occupy a special place.

In the process of carrying out research activities, the teacher helps younger preschoolers at every stage of work. Speech accompaniment of all actions during experimentation is required (in the senior and preparatory groups, children will begin to pronounce their actions while the teacher does it for them). The teacher uses the direct demonstration method for the entire group and, if necessary, additionally for those children who have difficulties in performing the experiment.

During the experimentation process, the teacher talks through everything that is happening.

Children should not perceive research activities as specific work. The teacher does not prepare them for the profession of a scientist in the future, but teaches them exciting and effective ways to understand the world around them.

When constructing the practical part, the teacher takes into account the age characteristics of younger preschoolers. One research procedure can be divided into several separate stages. The learning process can be interrupted to prevent fatigue (playing and sports exercises, a musical break).

Table: forms of organizing research activities with children 3–4 years old

Criteria for organizing research	Research forms
By the nature of the research objects	With objects of living nature (plants, animals, birds); with objects of inanimate nature (water, earth, stones, rubber, magnet).
At the location of the experiment	In the group room; in an experimental laboratory; in a corner of nature; on the territory of the kindergarten; outside the kindergarten.
Due to research	Random (organized as a result of spontaneous interest in a problem in a pupil/group of children; research can be organized as an answer to a child’s question); planned (in accordance with the educational program).
By the number of children participating in the experiment	Individual; by subgroups; collective.
By duration	Short term; long (for the younger group - no more than 15 minutes).
By the nature of cognitive activity	Search engines (the children do not know the result of the research); illustrative (children know the answer to the question, research is necessary to confirm knowledge); solving cognitive problems (most often used in classes; solving a problem maximizes interest in practical activities).
By place in the cycle of educational activities	Primary; repeated; final; final.
By the degree of inclusion in the educational process	Episodic; systematic.
By the nature of mental operations	Ascertaining (study of an object in any state without changes); comparative (observation of an object in dynamics or in qualitatively new conditions); generalizing (tracing the patterns of any previously studied process).

Card file of topics on research activities in the second junior group

Research topic	Research objectives
"Sand and its properties"	Formation of ideas about sand, its properties in various states (dry and wet).
"What is the wind"	Learning the skills to study intangible objects using special instruments (to study the properties of wind you will need pinwheels, flags, nets, and a weather vane).
"Sun"	Expanding knowledge about the sun, the properties of its light and heat.
"Bubble"	Expanding knowledge about the properties of air.
"Stones"	Formation of ideas about stones, development of the use of various senses for research (visual, tactile).
"Fruits"	Learning to characterize the object of study in different aspects (lemon: by color - yellow, by smell - pleasant, aromatic, by taste - sour, by tactile sensation - smooth with small pimples, etc.).
"We are explorers"	Introduction to the construction of a research plan, training in problem posing, working together to draw conclusions.
"Snow and Ice"	Introducing children to the solid state of water, its characteristics, and the conditions for returning to the liquid state.
"Water and its properties"	Expanding ideas about water, its importance in human life, carrying out various experiments.
"What smells?"	Developing children's sensory experience through smell.
"Roll, balls"	Improving the ability to observe the progress of an experiment, development of the skill of communicating research data using speech.
"Clay"	Enriching children's sensory experience, acquaintance with the properties of raw clay.
"Shadow"	Expanding knowledge about the ability of objects to cast shadows.
"The soil"	Formation of ideas about the soil (what it consists of) and its properties (it heats up, absorbs water, serves as a nutrient medium for plant growth).
"Paper boat"	Expanding knowledge about the properties of paper.
“Why do the buds bloom?”	Training in long-term observation, expanding knowledge about plant growth conditions.
"Chalk and Coal"	Formation of the ability to compare materials by properties and qualities.
"Drowning - not drowning"	Acquaintance with the ability of water to push objects made of rubber, plastic, wood, and foam.

Motivating start to classes

Classes on cognitive activities with pupils of the younger group should be bright. A high level of curiosity and emotionality allows a preschooler to fill his long-term memory with images that impress him. How interested and involved the child is in the educational process at the beginning of the lesson depends on his activity during direct research activities, the result of solving the problem posed and the degree of motivation for experimentation in the future. The teacher needs to use a variety of forms for conducting the initial stage of the lesson, which will add variety to the usual activities of preschoolers.

Demonstration of the research object will help to arouse children’s interest at the beginning of the lesson.

Table: examples of a motivating start to a lesson

Cognitive Research Topic	Option for a motivating start to the lesson
Forming children’s ideas about the properties of ice (lesson “Releasing beads from ice”)	Creating a surprise moment with a problematic situation. A Dymkovo toy comes to the group (in the role of a Dymkovo young lady - a pupil of the preparatory group, a senior teacher or another employee of the preschool educational institution by agreement), she is upset and complains to the children. The toy was invited to visit by a young lady she knew; she was in a hurry to have a friendly tea party and caught her beads on a branch in the winter forest. The thread broke and the beads scattered. The toy has collected them, but cannot string them on a thread because the beads are covered with ice (shows the children ice cubes with beads in the middle brought in a bowl). The guys will have to find a way to remove the beads so that the Dymkovo young lady can repair the jewelry and have time for a visit.
Introducing children to the properties of sand (lesson “Secrets of Sand”)	Game motivation. A fairy-tale guest is waiting in the group of children (it could be Aladdin, Dunno, etc.), he reports that he has arrived from the land of sands. The guest talks with the children (do they know what sand is, where they saw it, how they played with it), shows photographs of a wonderful country. He reports that he is ready to teach the children new games with sand, which the inhabitants of the land of sands love so much.
Formation in children of elementary ideas about how soap bubbles are made (lesson “How to make soap bubbles?”, preparation for the event “Bubble Festival”)	Guessing riddles: Today everything is rejoicing! In the hands of the children, Balloons are dancing with joy. Born in soapy water, turned into a ball. He flew towards the sun, but didn’t make it - he burst! (Soap bubble). Physical education Creating a problematic situation. A clown came to visit the children and carried soap bubbles as gifts in his truck. On the way, the car door opened and the bubbles flew into the sky. The clown is sad. The guys must solve the problem by learning how to make soap bubbles.
Cognitive development of children, working with flour and dough (integrated lesson “Wonderful Flour”)	Creating a game situation based on the previously studied fairy tale “Masha and the Bear”. At the beginning of the lesson, the teacher informs the children that near the garden she met a bear from a fairy tale: Everyone sit down in a row, Let's play nicely! Get your ears and eyes ready, let's begin our fairy tale. Today I came to the garden and found a roar bear. Mishka cried near the garden: “I want to go to kindergarten, to the kids!” Then the teacher asks what is the reason for the bear’s sadness (a plush toy can be used as a bear, or it is possible for a student in the senior group to play the role of a bear). Mishka says that Mashenka sent him to take the pies to his grandfather and grandmother, and he ate them on the way and is now sad that he violated the girl’s ban on not sitting on a tree stump and not eating the pie. The guys will help the bear by studying the characteristics of flour and methods of preparing and modeling dough (in class - from salt dough).

Table: fragment of the lesson notes “Introducing children to search-cognitive activities” in the second junior group (using the example of the topic “Water”)

Author	Telgina O., teacher at Moscow Children's Educational Institution No. 24, Novotroitsk, Orenburg region.
Lesson objectives	Continue to introduce children to the properties of water: transparent, without color, taste, smell. To develop knowledge about the importance of water in human life. Reinforce the knowledge that in cold weather water freezes and turns into ice, and in warm weather ice melts and turns into water. Learn to answer questions and draw conclusions. Activate children's vocabulary: colorless, odorless, freezes, transparent, warm, cold, hot, pours.
Equipment	Glass carafe with boiled water, transparent cups of water according to the number of children, yellow gouache, a bottle of warm, hot and cold water, mold with water.
Progress of the lesson	V.: Guys, look how many guests we have, let's say hello to them. Now look at me everyone. We will play with you. One, two, three, everyone look at me! (Teacher dressed as Moidodyr). Guys, you recognized me. Who am I? (Children's answers). I am the Great Washbasin, the Famous Moidodyr, the Chief of Washstands and the Commander of washcloths! Guess my riddle and play with the answer. If our hands are stained with wax, If dirt has settled on our nose, Who then is our first friend, Will remove the dirt from our face and hands? What is it that mom can’t cook or do laundry without? To avoid trouble, we cannot live without... (Water) The teacher invites the children to get to know the water better. The guys study what sounds water makes, what color, smell, and taste it is. <…> V.: And now our magic continues. Let's add some paint to our cups and then see what we get. (Carry out an experiment). What kind of water has it become? Is anything visible through it? (Children's answers). Well done boys! Now let's play. Physical exercise “Drops”. Drop one, drop two (spread their arms to the sides, and then connect them), Very slowly at first, And then, and then (arms to the sides, up, fingers clasped above the head) All running, all running. We will open our umbrellas and protect ourselves from the rain. Q: Guys, do you know why we need water? (Wash, bathe, cook, do laundry, etc.). Well done, guys. Who needs water? (Fish, birds, animals, plants). Oh, guys, look what kind of bottles we have. Yes, they are with water! Let's go and see why they are standing aside? How many are there? (A lot of). Are they the same? (Yes, they are all small, the same color). How are they different? Let’s touch them with our hands. (Children touch bottles with cold, hot and warm water in turn). How are these bottles different? (Children's answers). How did you know what kind of water was in the bottles? (Touched with hands). Why do we need hot water? (Drink tea, eat soup, wash dishes, swim). Guys, why do you think we need warm water? (Wash, wash clothes, brush your teeth, etc.). Why do we need cold water? (Drink water, rinse clothes). Do you know what happens to water if you put it in the cold? Let's pour water into the molds and ask Svetlana Vladimirovna to take it out into the cold and see what happens. Are you interested in playing with me? (Children's answers). Questions for reflection: What color is the water? Does the water have a smell? What color is the water? Who needs water? Guys, what else interesting did you remember? V.: Look, guys, Svetlana Vladimirovna brought us our molds. What happened to the water? (Children's answers). Yes, that's right, the water froze. Water is not only liquid, but also solid. What a magic water! Well done kids, you did a great job today! Now one, two, three, everyone look at me. Now let's say goodbye to the guests and go for a walk and play.
Quote from: https://www.maam.ru/detskijsad/konspekt-zanjatija-na-temu-oznakomlenie-detei-s-poiskovoi-poznavatelnoi-dejatelnostyu-po-teme-voda-vtoraja-mladshaja-515502.html

Temporary lesson plan for the younger group

The duration of an educational lesson in the second junior group, according to SanPiN standards, is 15 minutes. The lesson should have a clear structure, including various types of activities. Since cognitive and research activities require mental effort, such classes should be conducted in the first half of the day, preferably on Tuesday or Wednesday - days of high performance. In the afternoon, it is possible to organize a circle for experimental activities and conduct short-term observations on evening walks.

To avoid overtiring of children, educational and research activities are conducted in the first half of the day.

Approximate time plan for a lesson on cognitive and research activities in the second junior group:

Organizational moment - 1 minute.
Motivating start of the lesson - 3 minutes.
Constructing a research plan, talking through the stages of the experiment with the guys - 2 minutes.
Physical activity (exercises, finger exercises, outdoor play) - 2 minutes.
The practical part of the work is 6 minutes.
Formulation of research results, summing up – 1 minute.

Table: examples of temporary lesson plans

Lesson topic	Organizing time	Motivating start to class	Constructing and speaking a research plan	Physical activity	Practical work	Summarizing
“Why does the icicle cry in the spring?”	1 minute.	Creating a problematic situation. The group receives a letter from the Snow Queen, in which she reports that the icicles on the roof of her palace have begun to melt. She asks the guys to find out the reason for the melting. 3 minutes.	2 minutes.	Outdoor game "Snowflakes". 2 minutes.	Conducting an experiment to observe the melting of ice. 6 minutes.	1 minute.
"Clay and its properties"	1 minute.	Conducting a conversation on the topic “Clay toys” with viewing the exhibition. 2–3 minutes.	1–2 minutes.	Finger gymnastics “I play with toys.” 2 minutes.	Conducting research on clay material. 6 minutes.	1 minute.
"Drowning - not drowning"	1 minute.	Surprise moment. A crying girl Tanya comes to the group. The teacher reads the poem “Ball” by A. Barto. Creating a problematic situation. Tanya is worried that the ball might still sink. The guys are invited to show Tanya experimentally the impossibility of this. 3 minutes.	1 minute.	Physical education 2 minutes.	Conducting an experiment with a ball and water. 6 minutes.	1 minute.

MAGAZINE Preschooler.RF

Cognitive and research project in the junior group Topic: “We are little researchers”

(long-term, practical-experimental)

Author of the project: teacher Shekunova O.V. MDOU Kindergarten No. 54 “Firebird” Moscow region, Podolsk

“The more a child has seen, heard and experienced, the more he knows and assimilated, the more elements of reality he has in his experience, the more significant and productive under other conditions his creative and research activity will be.” Lev Semenovich Vygotsky

Project Description

Experimentation is an effective method of understanding the patterns and phenomena of the surrounding world. Children's experimentation has enormous developmental potential. Modern children live in the era of informatization and computerization. In a rapidly changing life, a person is required not only to possess knowledge, but also, first of all, to be able to obtain this knowledge himself, operate with it, think independently, creatively.

All researchers of experimentation highlight the main feature of the cognitive activity of children: the child learns an object in the course of practical activities with it, the practical actions carried out by the child perform a cognitive, orientation-exploratory function, creating conditions in which the content of this object is revealed. In everyday life, children often experiment with various substances themselves, trying to learn something new. They disassemble toys, watch objects falling into the water (drowning or not drowning), testing metal objects with their tongues in severe frost, etc. But the danger of such “amateur activities” lies in the fact that the preschooler is not yet familiar with the laws of mixing substances and basic safety rules. An experiment, an experience specially organized by a teacher, is safe for the child and at the same time introduces him to the various properties of surrounding objects, the laws of life of nature and the need to take them into account in his own life.

Experimentation permeates all areas of children's activity. A preschool child is a researcher in himself, showing a keen interest in various types of research activities - in experimentation. Experiments help develop a child’s thinking, logic, and creativity, and allow them to clearly show the connections between living and nonliving things in nature.

This project represents the creation in a group of conditions for the development of cognitive activity in children and the formation in children of interest in the study of inanimate and living nature through children's experimentation. In the process of experimental activities, the following types of activities are used:

gaming
cognitive - research (experiments) and productive

— communicative (conversations, reading fiction)

All conversations and experiments are conducted taking into account the level of development and cognitive interests of children.

Work with children of this age group is aimed at creating the conditions necessary for sensory development during familiarization with the phenomena and objects of the surrounding world.

Relevance of the project

Childhood is a special period of formation of organs and systems and, above all, brain function, a period of active experimentation of the child with the objective world, without which the normal formation of the child’s mental abilities is impossible.

Everything that surrounds the baby - things that belong to adults, toys, animals, plants, water, sand and much more - arouses his interest.

He loves to explore new objects, experiment with various substances and materials: water, sand, snow, clay, paints, etc.

At the age of 3 years, children cannot yet operate with knowledge in verbal form, without relying on visual evidence, so in the vast majority of cases they do not understand the explanations of an adult and strive to establish all the connections on their own, through experiences and experiments.

Therefore, for children of this age, experimentation, along with play, is a leading activity. To do this, it is necessary to organize the work in such a way that children can repeat the experience shown to adults, they can observe, answer questions using the results of the experiments. In this form, the child masters experimentation as a type of activity and his actions are reproductive in nature.

Project object: formation of cognitive and research development, social and communicative development; speech development.

Project duration: November 2021 – June 2021

Project participants: children of primary preschool age, teachers, parents.

All experiments take place with the participation of game characters

Project goals:

Development of ideas about the properties of substances, phenomena of the surrounding reality (water and air, light and shadow, magnetism, properties of sand, clay, stone, wood, plastic, metal and fabric); about the interaction of various substances when they are combined, about the influence of some objects on the properties of others.

Project objectives:

Expand children's understanding of the physical properties of the world around them;
Introduce the various properties of substances (hardness, softness, flowability, viscosity, buoyancy, solubility.);
Develop children's understanding of certain environmental factors;
Expand the understanding of human use of environmental factors: sun, earth, air, water, plants;
Expand children's understanding of the importance of water and air in human life;
Introduce children to the properties of soil and its constituent sand and clay;
Develop an emotional and value-based attitude towards the world around you;
To develop the intellectual emotions of children: to create conditions for the emergence of surprise in relation to observed phenomena, for awakening interest in solving assigned problems, for reflection, for the opportunity to rejoice at the discovery made.

Expected results:

Bring children to a higher level of cognitive activity;
To build self-confidence in children through the development of mental operations, creative prerequisites and, as a result, the development of personal growth and a sense of self-confidence and self-confidence in children;
Enrich the subject-development environment in the group; To replenish the scientific and methodological base of the preschool educational institution in this area of work.

Stages:

1. Preparatory.

Setting the goals and objectives of the project
Determining the relevance and significance of the project
Selection of methodological literature on the topic of children's experimentation in kindergarten and at home, for the implementation of the project (magazines, articles, abstracts)
Development of long-term planning for experimental activities in the second junior group for the project “We are little researchers”
Development of a plan for interaction with parents on experimental activities in the junior group for the project “We are little researchers”
Selection of fiction for children
Selection of didactic, role-playing and outdoor games on the topic.

2. Basic.

Creation and arrangement of experimentation for successful project implementation
Implementation of experimental activities with children on long-term planning
Lesson planning, applications, working with parents.

3. Final.

Create a subject-based development environment for children to independently experiment with natural and waste materials.
Making a file cabinet for experimental activities with children

preschool age by age category

Photo collage for parents
Publication on educators' websites.

: containers of different sizes, measuring cups, cups, spoons, watering cans, molds, pebbles, sand, water, straws, soap, cocktail straws, funnels, objects made of different materials (wooden spools, rubber balls, toys, plastic buttons, metal objects etc.), plastic cups of different shapes, sizes, degrees of transparency.

: strings, plastic bags, balloons, pinwheels, kites, plumes, ribbons, flags, weather vanes, parachute.

Materials and equipment:

Magnifying glasses, a spoon, dishes, a toy, a box with fabric of different textures, characters in clothes made of paper and fabric, scraps of fabric, paper, ropes, rulers, an hourglass, a globe, a lamp, a flashlight, whisks, beaters, soap, brushes, sponges, pipettes, small things made of various materials (wood, plastic, metal), mills, corks, fluff and feathers, multi-colored clothespins; pebbles of different sizes

Containers: plastic jars, bottles, glasses of various shapes, sizes, measures, funnels, sieve, molds, spatulas.

Materials: natural (acorns, cones, seeds, shells, twigs, saw cuts, cereals, etc.), “waste” (corks, sticks, pieces of rubber hoses, cocktail straws, etc.), bean seeds, beans , peas; nut pits and shells; cotton wool, batting, padding polyester

Unstructured materials: sand, water, sawdust, wood shavings, fallen leaves, etc.

Forms of working with children:

Didactic games:

"Find a Pair"
"Find out the subject"
"Taste it"
"Find out by touch"
"Recognize the sound"

Plot-role-playing games:

"Laboratory"
"Wind and Leaves"
Game - experiment "Drawers"

Board-printed games:

"Seasons"
"Natural Phenomena"
"What happens in nature"
Cutting pictures “Collect plants”
“What grows where?”
Lotto "Flowers"
"Signs of autumn, winter, spring, summer"

Outdoor games:

"Sun and Rain"
"Bubble"
"My funny ringing ball"
"What's hidden?"
"Bumps"

Finger games

“Rain” (Russian folk nursery rhyme)
Oh you, rainbow-arc... (Russian folk nursery rhyme)
"Snowball"
"Sun"
"Autumn leaves"
"Ball"
"Leaf Fall"
"Snowflakes"
“What to do after the rain?”
"Rain"
"EXERCISE WITH CORKS"

Poems and riddles about living and inanimate nature

The implementation of the set tasks is fully possible only if there is close interaction with the parents of the children.

Interaction with parents on basic experimentation:

Involving parents in replenishing attributes and materials.

Consultation:

“Organization of children's experimentation at home” , “Experimental activities in kindergarten. . " "Organization of children's experimentation at home" .

Memos for parents:

“Children's experimentation” , “What is possible and what is not” , “Signs of cognitive activity” , “On the organization of cognitive and research activities” “experimenting with water” and consultation for parents

Making a card index for visual propaganda of parents to conduct experiments and experiments with children at home.

Literature and sources

E.A. Martynova, I.M. Suchkova. Organization of experimental activities for children 2-7 years old. Volgograd, 3rd edition, 2012
O.V. Dybina, N.P. Razmanova, V.V. Shchetinina. “The unknown is near. Entertaining experiences and experiments for preschoolers . Moscow, 2005
Internet resources.
Nikolaeva S. N. “Methods of environmental education in kindergarten . – M. 2021
Dybina O. V. “Classes on familiarization with the outside world in the second junior group of kindergarten” M.: Mozaika - Synthesis, 2014 (methodological manual)
Experiences and experiments with substances and materials 3-4 years Federal State Educational Standard for Education. Card planning in preschool educational institutions.

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Research project in the second junior group of a preschool educational institution

The term “research activity” in pedagogy refers to a form of child activity aimed at studying an object or group of objects in order to search for meaningful information. As mentioned earlier, elements of research activity are present in ECD classes, in creative and sports exercises, in the structure of games and walks. The desire to experiment and search for knowledge through experience is inherent in human nature; the teacher’s task is to improve children’s research abilities and develop thought processes.

A research project is one of the forms of organizing the cognitive activity of a child or group of children. The project aims to study a problem for which the solution is unknown in advance. This form of work has a number of strict requirements (from formulating a current and new research goal to putting forward a hypothesis and determining study methods); observations must be recorded in order to ultimately present the completed project for defense.

Individual project activities are carried out with older preschoolers who have sufficiently developed the ability to compare, systematize, analyze, generalize and determine cause-and-effect relationships. It is possible to implement collective projects with children aged 3–4 years. As part of the work on the theme of the project, various types of classes, recreational activities, and parent-child events are held.

Depending on the duration of the work, the project can be short-term or long-term. Projects whose goal is to observe the process of change and transformation of an object (growing plants, observing the course of the sun, the annual natural cycle) are of great length. It is recommended to carry out short-term projects to coincide with significant dates (Autumn Festival, Cosmonautics Day, Ecology Week, events to help wintering birds).

For example, as part of the short-term project “Miracles, Tricks, Experiments”, pupils of the younger group can watch sunbeams, get acquainted with the properties of air, sand, water, soap, etc.

Photo gallery: research project “Where did the bread come from” in the second junior group

At the first stage of the research project, a lesson “How bread is made” is held.

As part of the project, an exhibition of drawings “From a grain to a loaf of bread” is being organized.

Watching thematic cartoons contributes to the formation of environmental awareness in preschoolers

By participating in the process of kneading dough and baking bread, children acquire useful skills

The group's students made this bread

During leisure time, an exhibition and tasting of types of bread from the world's peoples is held

The guys participate in listening and discussing fairy tales and stories about bread

At the end of the project, a photo book is created about the work done

A child of primary preschool age is open to learning about the world around him; he is a born researcher. Let him be inspired by the joy of acquiring new knowledge and strive to find hidden information. A little researcher should not be afraid of mistakes; he tries to find answers to the questions that arise on his own and takes active action. A high level of development of research skills is the key to successful training and mastering a profession in the future.