Preparation and conduct of outdoor games in the second junior group of kindergarten

Goals and objectives of conducting outdoor games with children

For the children of the second junior group, it is very important that the fun used in classes and at leisure be mobile to varying degrees. Only in this case, gaming activity allows you to achieve your goals, namely:

• promotes the comprehensive development of pupils (physical, emotional and volitional);
• improves health (musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, respiratory systems);
• develops the skill to follow the terms of the game;
• stimulates the desire to interact with adults and children;
• fosters the need to feel part of a team.

To achieve these goals during the game, it is necessary to systematically and consistently solve problems such as:

• mastering the skill of performing motor exercises of varying degrees of complexity together with friends and/or a teacher;
• practicing the skills learned last year to run, walk at different speeds, throw and catch a ball, long and high jump;

  In the second younger group, games play an educational role, in particular they instill a sense of camaraderie

• improving the skill of giving movements characteristic features through imitation (for example, flapping their wings like a bird, moving smoothly like a cat, etc.);
• continuation of work on exercises for orientation in space, performing actions according to the conventional sign given to the driver;
• learning to coordinate your actions with the course of the plot and the conditions of the fun, as well as to correlate your movements with the movements of your comrades;
• encouraging initiative.

Types of outdoor games

Fun of an active nature is classified according to the main problem they are aimed at solving.

1. To practice running and jumping. By the age of 3–4 years, it is important for children to develop the ability to coordinate their movements and maintain their direction.
2. Orientation in the room, gym, on the playground.
3. To train the ability to maintain balance (usually in games of moving around a small area, accompanied by poems).
4. To strengthen the muscles of the musculoskeletal system.
5. For imitation.
6. To practice climbing skills.
7. With a ball. Such games also form partnerships between children.
8. To develop sharpness of attention.

Another classification of fun is based on the types of educational activities:

• physical education breaks, which are held during classes for relaxation or change of activity;
• games during organized leisure time on the street;
• part of leisure activity (games outside of class, that is, on holidays, during independent activity);

  Outdoor games are part of the scenario for matinees and holidays

• folk traditional games (such fun is also carried out with the aim of familiarizing children with the customs of their people).

Thus, the type classification of games allows for fun not only during physical education breaks in classes, but also as a fundamental element in:

• physical education;
• music lesson;
• choreography (provided that the discipline is included in the kindergarten curriculum).

Techniques

The organization of gaming activities is based on three groups of techniques.

Verbal

In working with children 3–4 years old, who, based on age-related developmental characteristics, are actively mastering speech and replenishing active and passive vocabulary, the teacher’s word plays a leading role. An adult is perceived not only as giving instructions, but also as a kind of language model, which children are guided by in organizing their own acts of speech. When preparing outdoor games, the teacher uses three types of verbal techniques.

1. Explanation. In order for the children to accurately follow the rules of the game and know the set of actions, the teacher describes each stage in detail, indicating all the movements of each participant.

   The teacher must comment on every action in the game

2. Puzzles. This technique perfectly motivates little pupils to play and prepares them to complete tasks. Considering the age of the children, it is better to select riddles with rhyming agreements. Thus, the beginning of the game “Sparrows and the Car” can be preceded by the following riddle: A cry is heard under the eaves: “Chick-chirp and chick-chirp!” The gray one teaches these songs to children... (Sparrow).
3. Short verbal sketches. Usually, to present the plot of the game, the teacher himself composes small tales. For example, the fun “Hen and Chicks” can begin with a short sketch. Once upon a time there lived a Hen and she had many chickens. Often they did not listen to their mother and ran out from under her wing. One day, when the kids ran away, Big Bird flew in and chased the chicks. The chickens were scared, but managed to hide under the wings of their mother hen. From now on, the kids are very attentive and do not run far.

Visual

The visual channel of perception in children is the main one, therefore, to fully understand the conditions of the game, children need to see:

• pictures (depicting game heroes and/or children fulfilling the conditions of the fun);
• a sample of actions (an adult must participate in any games, initially demonstrating the movements of all participants).

  The demonstration helps children make sure that the adult is a participant in the game just like them.

Practical

This is actually the game situation itself, in which children and the teacher are involved. Moreover, to develop initiative, after 2-3 repetitions, the teacher gives more and more game functions to the children: if, when familiarizing themselves with the rules, the teacher is the driver, then the child then takes on this role.

Card index of outdoor games in the 2nd junior group

Card index of outdoor games

At the beginning of the year, the games described above, recommended for children of the first junior group, are played in the second junior group. However, due to the fact that children’s horizons have expanded significantly, movements have become more confident and coordinated, the plots of games, their rules and motor tasks become more complex and varied.

Sparrows and car
Goal
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To teach children to run in different directions without bumping into each other, to start moving and change it at the teacher’s signal, to find their place. Description
. Children sit on chairs or benches on one side of the playground or room. These are sparrows in nests. The teacher stands on the opposite side. It depicts a car. After the teacher’s words “Let’s fly, sparrows, onto the path,” the children rise from their chairs, run around the playground, waving their winged arms. At the teacher’s signal, “The car is moving, fly, little sparrows, to your nests!” the car leaves the garage, the sparrows fly into their nests (sit on chairs). The car returns to the garage.

The sparrows scattered in different directions. Instructions for carrying out
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At first, a small group (10-12) of children takes part in the game, and over time there may be more playing. It is necessary to first show the children how sparrows fly, how they peck grains, perform these movements together with the children, then you can introduce the role of a car into the game. Initially, the teacher takes on this role, and only after repeated repetitions of the game can it be assigned to the most active child. The car should not move too fast to allow all children to find their place. Train Target
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Teach children to walk and run after each other in small groups, first holding on to each other, then not holding on; teach them to start moving and stop at the teacher’s signal. Description
. The teacher invites several children to stand behind each other, he himself stands in front of them and says: “You will be the carriages, and I will be the locomotive.” The locomotive blows its whistle and the train begins to move, first slowly and then faster. The movement is accompanied by sounds made by the players. From time to time the locomotive slows down and stops, and the teacher says: “Here comes the stop.” Then the locomotive blows its whistle again and the train moves on.

Train departs! Instructions for carrying out
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First, a small group of children is involved in the game. If repeated, there may be a larger number of participants (12-15). At first, each child holds on to the clothes of the person in front, then the children walk freely one after another, move their arms, imitating the movement of the wheels of a steam locomotive, and say in time: “Choo-chu-chu.” The role of the locomotive is initially performed by a teacher or a child of an older group. Only after repeated repetitions is the role of the leader assigned to the most active child. The locomotive must move slowly so that the children's carriages do not lag behind. The players line up one after another at random. If you repeat the game many times, you can invite the kids to go out at the bus stop for a walk, pick flowers, pick berries, play, and jump. Having heard the whistle, the children must quickly form a column behind the locomotive. Airplanes Simplified version Purpose
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Teach children to run in different directions without bumping into each other; teach them to listen carefully to the signal and start moving according to the verbal signal. Description
. The teacher calls the names of 3-4 children and invites them to prepare for the flight, showing them first how to start the engine and how to fly. The named children come out and stand randomly on one side of the playground or room. The teacher says: “Get ready for the flight. Start the engines! Children make rotational movements with their arms in front of their chest and pronounce the sound “rrrr”. After the teacher’s signal “Let’s fly!” children spread their arms to the sides (like the wings of an airplane) and fly - scattering in different directions. At the teacher’s signal “Landing!” they go to their chairs and sit on them. Then another group of children plays.

Planes to land! Instructions for carrying out
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The teacher must show the children all the game movements. When playing the game for the first time, he performs the movements together with the children. When the game is repeated, you can call a larger number of children, and after repeated repetitions, you can invite all the children to fly on airplanes. Bubble Goal
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Teach children to stand in a circle, make it wider or narrower, teach them to coordinate their movements with the spoken words. Description
. The children and the teacher join hands and form a small circle, standing close to each other. The teacher says: Blow up, bubble, Blow up, big, Stay like that, Don’t burst. The players step back and hold hands until the teacher says: “The bubble has burst!” Then they lower their hands and squat down, saying: “Clap!” You can also invite the children, after the words “the bubble burst,” to move to the center of the circle, still holding hands and pronouncing the sound “sh-sh-sh” - the air comes out. Then the children inflate the bubble again - they move back, forming a large circle.

What a big bubble! Instructions for carrying out
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First, a small number of children (6-8) take part in the game. When repeated, 12-15 people can play at the same time. The teacher should pronounce the text slowly, clearly, clearly, involving the players in this. Before the game, you can show the kids real soap bubbles. Sunshine and rain Goal
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Teach children to walk and run in all directions, without bumping into each other, to teach them to act on the teacher’s signal. Description
. Children sit on chairs or benches. The teacher says: “Sunny! Go for a walk!” Children walk and run all over the playground. After the words “Rain! Hurry home! they run to their places. When the teacher says again: “Sunny! You can go for a walk,” the game repeats.

And the rain will not wet us. Instructions for carrying out
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At first, a small number of children participate in the game, then 10-12 people can be involved. Instead of chair houses, you can use a large colorful umbrella, under which children hide at the signal “Rain!” During the walk, you can invite children to pick flowers, berries, jump, and walk in pairs. When repeated, the game can be complicated by placing houses (3-4 chairs each) in different places in the room. Children must remember their house and run to it when given a signal. My funny ringing ball Goal
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Teach children to jump on two legs, listen carefully to the text and run away only when the last words are spoken. Description
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Children sit on chairs on one side of the room or area. The teacher stands in front of them at some distance and performs exercises with the ball; he shows the children how easily and high the ball jumps if you hit it with your hand, and at the same time says: My Cheerful Sounding Ball, where did you Jump off to? Red, Yellow, Blue, Can't Keep Up With You! S. Marshak Then the teacher calls 2-3 children, invites them to jump at the same time with the ball and repeats the exercise, accompanying it with words. Having finished, he says: “I’ll catch up now!” The kids stop jumping and run away from the teacher, who pretends to catch them. Jumping like balls Instructions for carrying out
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When repeating the game, the teacher calls on other children in larger numbers. The last time you can offer to be balls to all children at the same time. The teacher must make movements and pronounce the text at a fast pace that matches the children’s jumping, but jumping is quite frequent. If children cannot reproduce the movements of the ball, they need to be shown again how the ball bounces. White bunny sitting Target
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To teach children to listen to the text and perform movements in accordance with the text; teach them to jump, clap their hands, and run away after hearing the last words of the text. Bring joy to children. Description
. Children sit on chairs or benches on one side of the room or playground. The teacher says that they are all bunnies and invites them to run out into the clearing. Children go to the middle of the room, stand near the teacher and squat down. The teacher says the text: The little white bunny sits and wiggles his ears. Like this, like this, He moves his ears. Children move their hands, raising them to their heads. It's cold for the bunny to sit, I need to warm my little paws. Clap, clap, clap, clap, I need to warm my little paws. From the word “clap” to the end of the phrase, children clap their hands. It’s cold for the bunny to stand, the bunny needs to jump, hop-hop, hop-hop, hop-hop, the bunny needs to jump. From the words “skok-skok” to the end of the phrase, children jump on both feet in place. Someone (or a bear) scared the bunny, the Bunny jumped... and galloped away. The teacher shows the toy bear - and the children run to their places.

Fun for bunnies in the clearing Instructions for carrying out
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The game can be played with any number of children. Before the start of the game, be sure to prepare the places where the bunnies will run. At first, you don’t have to single out the driver; all children simultaneously perform movements in accordance with the text. After repeating the game many times, you can select the child to play the role of a bunny and place him in the middle of the circle. Having finished reading the text, you should not quickly run after the children, you need to give them the opportunity to find a place for themselves. There is no need to demand from the kids that they sit down in their own place; everyone takes up free space on a chair, bench, or carpet. But with systematic repetition of the game, children remember their places well and quickly find them. Birds are flying Goal
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Teach children to jump from low objects, run in all directions, act only when given a signal; teach kids to help each other. Description
. Children stand on a small elevation - a board, cubes, bars (height 5-10 cm) - on one side of the room or playground. The teacher says: “The sun is shining outside, all the birds are flying out of their nests, looking for grains and crumbs.” Children jump from heights, fly (run, waving their arms), squat, peck grains (knock their fingers on their knees or on the floor). With the words of the teacher, “It’s raining! All the birds hid in their nests!” children run to their places.

Birds fly out of their nests. Instructions for carrying out
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Before the game, the teacher must prepare low benches or such a number of cubes and bars that there is enough for everyone who wants to play. They should be located on one side of the playground or room at a sufficient distance from one another so that the children do not jostle and can freely take their seats. We need to show the kids how to jump off softly and help them get up to a higher place after running. When repeating the game, the signal can be given in one word: “Sunny!” or “Rain!” Children need to know what signal to do what. Birds in nests Purpose
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Teach children to walk and run in all directions without bumping into each other; teach them to quickly act on the teacher’s signal and help each other. Description
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Children sit on chairs placed in the corners of the room. These are nests. At the teacher’s signal, all the birds fly to the middle of the room, scatter in different directions, crouch down, looking for food, and fly again, flapping their arms and wings. At the teacher’s signal “Birds, go to their nests!” The children return to their places. Instructions for carrying out
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The teacher makes sure that the bird children act on a signal, fly away from the nest as far as possible and return only to their nest. For nests, you can use large hoops placed on the floor, and on the site these can be circles drawn on the ground, in which children squat. The teacher teaches children to be attentive while running, to give way to those running towards them so as not to collide; teaches children to jump out of nests (hoops). Horses Goal
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Teach children to move together, one after the other, to coordinate their movements, and not to push the person running in front, even if he is not moving very fast. Description
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Children are divided into pairs as desired: one is the horse, the other is the coachman, who harnesses the horse (puts on the reins) and rides along the platform from one side of it to the other and back. Then, at the teacher’s suggestion, the children change roles and the game is repeated. Instructions for carrying out
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At first, the teacher helps the children put on the reins and directly participates in the game as a coachman. At first, it is advisable to help select a pair of children with approximately the same level of motor readiness. Instead of reins, colored cords or jump ropes can be used. As children learn to harness a horse and ride around the playground, you can allow several pairs to play at once, not only on the playground, but also on the adjacent path. Mice and cat Goal
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To teach children to run easily, on their toes, without bumping into each other; navigate in space, change movements at the teacher’s signal. Description
. Children sit on benches or chairs. These are mice in holes. On the opposite side of the room or playground sits a cat, whose role is played by the teacher. The cat falls asleep (closes his eyes), and the mice scatter throughout the room. But then the cat wakes up, stretches, meows and starts catching mice. The mice quickly run away and hide in holes (take their places). The cat takes the caught mice home. When the rest of the mice hide in their holes, the cat walks around the room again, then returns to its place and falls asleep.

Run out, mice, the cat is fast asleep! Instructions for carrying out
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Mice can run out of their holes only when the cat closes its eyes and falls asleep, and return to the holes when the cat wakes up and meows. The teacher makes sure that all the mice run out and scatter as far as possible from the minks. Minks, in addition to chairs, can serve as arches for crawling, and then children - mice - crawl out of their holes. When the mice come back, they can simply run behind their chair or arch and hide by crouching behind it. Shaggy Dog Target
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Teach children to move in accordance with the text, quickly change the direction of movement, run, trying not to get caught by the catcher and without pushing. Description
. Children sit or stand on one side of the hall or playground. One child, on the opposite side, on the carpet, pretends to be a dog. The children quietly approach him in a crowd, and the teacher at this time says: Here lies a shaggy dog, with his nose buried in his paws, Quietly, quietly, he lies, either dozing or sleeping. Let's go up to him, wake him up and see: “Will something happen?” Children approach the dog. As soon as the teacher finishes reading the poem, the dog jumps up and barks loudly. The children run away, the dog chases them and tries to catch someone and take them to him. When all the children hide, the dog returns to his place and lies down on the rug again.

The dog won't catch us! Instructions for carrying out
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The place where the dog is and the place where the children run should be located further away from each other so that there is space for running. The teacher makes sure that the children do not touch the dog when approaching him and do not push each other when running away from him. Horsemen Target
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To teach children to run without bumping into each other, to speed up or slow down their movements, and to navigate in space. Description
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A group of children (5-6 people) stands at one edge of the playground. The teacher gives everyone a stick 50-60 cm long. Children sit astride the stick and gallop to the opposite side of the playground, pretending to be horsemen, trying not to bump into each other and not to touch objects or equipment located on the playground. Instructions for carrying out
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During the game, the teacher can ask the horsemen to ride fast and slow, as well as in different directions. When children learn to run fast, you can organize competitions. The task is given to see who can ride the horse faster to a certain place on the site or track. Train (Complicated version) Goal
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Teach children to walk and run in a column one at a time, speed up and slow down, stop at a signal; to teach children to find their place in the column, not to push their comrades, and to be attentive. Description
. Children stand in a column one at a time (without holding each other). The first one is a steam locomotive, the rest are carriages. The teacher blows the whistle - and the train begins to move forward, first slowly, then faster, faster, and finally the children start running. After the teacher says, “The train is approaching the station,” the children gradually slow down and the train stops. The teacher invites everyone to go out for a walk, pick flowers and berries in an imaginary clearing. At the signal, the children gather in a column again - and the train begins to move.

Green light - you can go! Instructions for carrying out
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At first, children line up in a column in any order, and by the end of the year they already remember their place in the column - they find their carriage. The train can move, sometimes accelerating, sometimes slowing down, and make stops at a signal. A signal, in addition to the words of the teacher, can be a red flag that he raises. When repeating the game, it is advisable to make changes to its plot. For example, you can invite children to play ball at stops, catch butterflies (jump while clapping above themselves), collect cones, acorns, etc. Tram Purpose
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Teach children to move in pairs, coordinating their movements with the movements of other players; teach them to recognize colors and change movements according to them. Description
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3-4 pairs of children stand in a column, holding each other's hands. With their free hands they hold on to the cord, the ends of which are tied, that is, some children hold on to the cord with their right hand, others with their left. This is a tram. The teacher stands in one of the corners of the room, holding three flags in his hands: yellow, green, red. He explains to the children that the tram moves when the signal is green, when it is yellow it slows down, and when it is red it stops. The teacher raises the green flag - and the tram moves: children run along the edges of the hall (playground). If the teacher raises a yellow or red flag, the tram slows down and stops. Instructions for carrying out
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If there are many children in the group, you can make two trams. The plot of the game can be more developed: during stops, some passengers get off the tram, others get on, lifting the cord. The teacher introduces children to the rules of the street. He makes sure that all players are attentive, do not miss stops, monitor the change of flags and change movements. Sparrows and cat Goal
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Teach children to jump gently, bending their knees, run without touching each other, dodge the catcher, quickly run away, find their place; teach children to be careful when taking up space and not to push their friends. Description
. Children stand on low benches or cubes (10-12 cm high) placed on the floor on one side of the playground or room. These are sparrows on the roof. On the other side, away from the children, there is a cat, sleeping. “The sparrows fly out onto the road,” says the teacher, and the children jump off the benches, blocks, and scatter in different directions. The cat wakes up, stretches, says “meow-meow” and runs to catch the little sparrows hiding on the roof. The cat takes the caught sparrows to his house.

Sparrows are frolicking while the cat is sleeping. Instructions for carrying out
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Benches and cubes should be placed further away from one another so that children can stand and jump comfortably without interfering with each other. The teacher makes sure that when children jump off they land softly and shows how to do this. At first, when the teacher acts as a cat, the cat does not catch the sparrows, but only scares them, pretending to catch them. When a child is chosen to play the role of the cat, he can catch children. Rabbits Target
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Teach children to jump on two legs, moving forward, crawl under the legs of chairs, develop dexterity and confidence. Description
. On one side of the room there are chairs arranged in a semicircle, with the seats inside the semicircle. These are rabbit cages. On the opposite side is the watchman's house. In the middle there is a lawn where the rabbits are allowed to roam. Children (2-3 each) stand behind the chairs; at the direction of the teacher, they squat down - the rabbits are sitting in cages. The caretaker approaches the cages and releases the rabbits onto the lawn: one after another, the children crawl under the chair and then jump, moving forward across the entire lawn. At the teacher’s signal “Run to the cages!” the rabbits return to their seats, crawling under the chairs again.

Run out onto the lawn, rabbits! Instructions for carrying out
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The teacher must ensure that children, crawling under chairs, try not to touch their backs. Instead of chairs, you can use arches for climbing or sticks and slats placed on the seats of chairs. Hen and Chicks Purpose
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Teach children to crawl under the rope without touching it, to dodge the catcher, to be careful and attentive; teach them to act on cues, not push other children, and help them. Description
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Children pretending to be chickens, together with a hen, are behind a rope stretched between chairs at a height of 35-40 cm. This is their home. A large bird sits on the opposite side of the platform or room. The hen leaves the house and goes in search of food, she calls the chickens: “Ko-ko-ko-ko.” At her call, the chickens crawl under the rope, run to the hen and walk with her, looking for food. At the signal “Big Bird!” the chickens quickly run away. Instructions for carrying out
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At first, the role of mother hen is performed by the teacher, and then children can be assigned to this role, first at their request, and then as assigned by the teacher. When the chickens return to the house after running away from a large bird, the teacher can raise the rope higher so that the children do not touch it. Taxi Target
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To teach children to move together, to balance their movements with each other, to change the direction of movements, and to be attentive to their play partners. Description
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Children stand inside a large hoop (1 m in diameter), hold it in their lowered hands: one on one side of the rim, the other on the opposite side, one after the other. The first child is a taxi driver, the second is a passenger. Children run around the playground or along the path. After a while they change roles. This is how fast a taxi travels. Directions for carrying out
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2-3 pairs of children can play at the same time, and if the space allows, then more. When children learn to run in one direction, the teacher can give the task to move in different directions and make stops. You can mark the stop location with a flag or a taxi rank sign. At the stop, passengers change, one gets out of the taxi, the other gets in. Hares and wolf Goal
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Teach children to listen carefully to the teacher, perform jumps and other actions in accordance with the text. Learn to navigate in space, find your place (bush, tree). Description
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Children-hares hide behind bushes and trees. There is a wolf behind a bush to the side. Hares run out into the clearing, jump, nibble grass, and frolic. At the teacher’s signal: “The wolf is coming!” - the hares run away and hide behind the bushes, under the trees. The wolf is trying to catch up with them. In the game you can use a small text: Bunnies are jumping: skok, skok, skok, To the green meadow. They pinch the grass, eat it, listen carefully, is a wolf coming? Children perform the actions described in the poem. With the end of the text, a wolf appears and begins to catch hares. Instructions for carrying out
. The child playing the role of the wolf should be away from the bushes where the children are hiding. At first, the role of the wolf is played by the teacher, but he is in no hurry to catch the hares, giving the children the opportunity to run away and hide. Then you can invite children to play the role of a wolf if they wish.

Rules for organizing outdoor fun in the second junior group

1. Outdoor games with children in preschool educational institutions are held every day.

   Outdoor games are held at any time of the year

2. In duration, one fun lasts no longer than 10 minutes.
3. In one session, no more than 2 games can be played in the second junior group. It is important to take into account that they should have different degrees of mobility: for example, one is more active with running and jumping, and the second is calm, with walking.
4. If games are played in a group, then the room must be thoroughly ventilated and the floors wiped before starting work.
5. To create a situation of success, it is very important to give every child the opportunity to express themselves. Therefore, games are held either for all the children in the group at the same time, or for small groups of interests.
6. Outdoor games are played immediately after exiting.
7. If the child refuses to participate, the teacher should not insist. However, it is necessary to find out the reason for this behavior. Perhaps the child has a fear of getting hurt. In such situations, therapeutic fairy tales or cartoons will help.
8. Games must be selected taking into account the types of activities in which children were previously involved. So, if the game is planned after physical education or choreography, then it should be calm, but after sleep, mobility may be different.
9. It is very important to help the child at each stage of the game. Therefore, the teacher, remaining in the position of a leader, directs and shows the children all the movements: how to catch a ball, how to spin a hoop, etc.
10. The plot of the game must be built around a familiar and understandable image, represented by a picture or a toy.
11. The game should not have complex movements; you need to select only those that are understandable to children 3–4 years old (catch up with the ball, bring the pins, ring the bell, etc.).
12. The fun should include not only new, but also well-known movements for the children. For example, in the game “Shaggy Dog,” when kids run away from the dog, it is worth designating a small area of ​​the area for running in one direction so that the players can repeat the already mastered skill of directional running.
13. Before the game starts, the teacher introduces the children to the rules and pays attention to the signals by which the kids will need to change their method of movement (from running to walking, from walking to climbing, etc.). In addition, the teacher shows all the attributes that will be needed in the fun (balls, hoops, etc.).
14. When helping children, showing movements and actions, the adult uses gestures and facial expressions.
15. The success of the game depends on how carefully the teacher thinks through and takes into account all the details: designating places for “houses”, “nests”, etc.

    If the game is played outdoors, then the teacher needs to make sure in advance that there is enough space for everyone

16. One game needs to be repeated for 2-3 days, after which you need to learn a new one and again turn to the already familiar one.
17. When distributing game tasks, the teacher takes into account the mobility and temperament of each child and combines and changes their roles. At the same time, you should not give a melancholic person the task of running with acceleration, even if he has not yet performed in this role. Just as you shouldn’t miss the moment when it’s time for a choleric person to run, and not just catch a ball.
18. Everything good should not be harmful. Therefore, it is important not to let children become overtired: paleness, sweating and distracted attention are signals that it is time to stop playing.
19. To create a positive microclimate, the teacher must be friendly, cheerful and at the same time maintain objectivity.

Indoor ball games

I know five

The player takes the ball, hits it on the ground and catches it. Before the first blow, he says the words: I know five names of girls - (blow) Masha, (blow) Lyuda, and so on. If the player forgot, does not know, cannot remember the next name for a long time, if he repeated the name, the game stops and the ball is passed to another participant. Instead of names, you can list the names of animals, names of flowers, breeds of animals, names of rivers, cities, and so on. The choice is huge.

You don't have to hit the ball on the ground, but throw it up and catch it. The game continues until you get bored. The one who names the most tasks wins.

Edible and inedible

To play, you need to stand in a circle and throw a ball to each other, naming any object. You can also choose a leader, the rest of the players sit opposite him. If the named word means something edible, the player to whom the ball was thrown must catch it. If the object is inedible, then the ball must be pushed away. The one who made a mistake and caught the ball becomes the driver.

Three elements

The players form a circle, and the driver stands in the middle with the ball in his hands. The driver says one of the three words EARTH, WATER, AIR - and throws the ball to someone. The one who catches the ball returns it to the leader, naming the bird, fish or animal in accordance with the given word. You can also name objects related to this element. For example: AIR - airplane.

In this game there is a three-second rule, that is, the leader counts to three during which the player must give an answer.

Cat and mouse

Children stand in a circle. Take two balls: one ball is a cat, the other is a mouse. The players' task is to quickly pass the ball to each other in a circle so that the cat does not catch up with the mouse.

The most attentive

The players stand in a circle. The leader stands in the center with the ball in his hands and throws to any player. He must catch the ball and return it to the leader, and the players standing to his left and right must raise their hands closest to him. The game continues for the specified time (5-10 minutes). Penalty points are given to those players who did not catch the ball, raised their hand incorrectly or raised their hand late. The winners are those players who never made a mistake or scored the fewest penalty points.

Rhyming words

Children stand in a circle and take turns throwing the ball to each other. The child who throws the ball first says a word, such as “stick.” The one who catches answers with a rhyming word (for example, “jackdaw”) and passes it to the third, etc. If the child does not have time to find the word, he drops out of the game.

Fourth wheel

This game perfectly trains a child's attention and logic. The presenter needs to name 4 words, in which one can be excluded based on any criterion, and throw the ball to the child. The child catches the ball and returns it without delay, saying the extra word. For example, the leader throws a ball with the words hare, squirrel, lion, mouse, and the child returns the ball, calling the word lion. If you wish, you can explain why this word is superfluous.

Examples of word chains:

• guitar, piano, musician, drum;
• table, chair, sofa, radio;
• horse, cat, dog, pike;
• spruce, birch, oak, strawberry;
• cucumber, turnip, carrot, goat;
• album, newspaper, notebook, briefcase;
• orange, watermelon, apple, ball;
• wolf, fox, bear, dog;
• doll, car, jump rope, book;
• steam locomotive, airplane, scooter, steamship;
• skis, skates, boat, sled;
• lamb, calf, goat, pig;
• snow, frost, heat, ice;
• bus, tram, plane, trolleybus;
• snake, snail, butterfly, turtle;
• brushes, paints, teapot, album;
• house, roof, door, window;
• milk, tea, lemonade, bread;
• leg, arm, head, shoe.

Card index of outdoor games for the development of various skills

If didactic games are conducted according to the principle of compliance with the lexical topic, then outdoor fun is grouped by:

• physical skill being practiced;
• the totality of implementation of the assigned tasks in one complex;
• topic (the principle is similar for didactic games).

In this case, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the last principle is the least productive, since the plots of outdoor games can easily be transformed from one lexical topic to another. For example, the fun “Hen and Chicks” when working with the topic “Pets” can easily become “Penguin and the Little Penguins” when working with the topic “Animals of the North”.

On the street, you should try to choose games in which it is possible to beat the objects of the sports ground

The most convenient and universal classification is based on the principle of the skill being practiced.

Running, jumping

1. "Aircraft". With the help of this game, children practice running in different directions without colliding with partners, learn to listen carefully to instructions, and also quickly react to a signal to change the nature of the movement. Conditions: the teacher shows movements simulating the readiness of an airplane for flight, starting the engine (rotational movements of the arms in front of you while pronouncing the sound “R-r-r”), flight (running with arms spread to the sides) and “landing” for landing (on a bench ). Children repeat the entire complex, listening to the teacher’s instructions.
2. "Sun and Rain." The goals of the game are similar to those described in the previous game. Conditions: the teacher marks a line on the playground beyond which children squat. At the signal: “The sun is in the sky, you can go for a walk,” children run around the playground. After the words: “Rain!” urgently return to their places.

In the second younger group, the main element of games is running, jumping is rarely included

Orientation in space

1. "Sparrows and a car." This game helps children practice running in different directions, the skill of starting and changing movements at the driver's signal. Conditions: children are “sparrows” who sit on a bench “in a nest”. An adult imitates a car. At the words: “Fly, sparrows,” the kids run away, and at the signal: “The car is moving, everyone fly to the nest!”, they quickly run to their places on the bench.
2. “The Bird and the Chicks” (“The Hen and the Chicks”). Goals: coordinate your movements with the words of the driver, learn to run in all directions without catching each other. Conditions: the driver appoints himself a “bird”, gathers the “chicks” - all the guys - around him within the boundaries of a drawn circle. At a signal, the kids run away from the circle and return back at the same signal. As a variant of the same game actions, you can play the game “Find your house” or “Birdhouses”. The conditions of the latter are a little more complicated: all children are appointed starlings, but nests are drawn for only half of the participants, so whoever did not manage to take their place at the signal is considered a loser.
3. "Shaggy Dog." To the goals already identified in previous games of this group, one more is added: not to get caught by the catcher. Conditions: on one side of the site there is a “dog”, on the other there are children sneaking towards him. The teacher illustrates this movement by saying that the dog is lying quietly, but what will happen if you wake it up. And then the “dog” wakes up and starts barking. The children return to their seats, and the dog tries to grab them along the way. Anyone who fails to escape becomes a dog.

Outdoor games can be supplemented with elementary costumes or masks

Developing a sense of balance

1. “I’m holding a handkerchief.” Goals: to train balance and practice the skill of performing movements on a signal. Conditions: kids place a scarf on their hand (or other part of the body) and, performing different movements, hold it in its original position.
2. "We're parking the car." Goal: practice walking forward with your back. The teacher invites all children to become cars that need to be parked. To do this, each child, following the driver’s instructions regarding the direction of movement (“left”, “right”, “turn”), parks the “car”.

Imitation skill

1. "Bubble". The game encourages children to act in accordance with the words of the plot, teaches them to coordinate their movements with the movements of other participants, develops imitation skills and encourages children’s initiative. Conditions: the teacher and children, holding hands, make a circle. Then the leader says 2-3 times: “Inflate, bubble, but don’t burst,” the round dance participants disperse wider and wider, and in response to the words: “The bubble has burst!” children open their hands, pronouncing the sound: “Sh-sh-sh.”
2. "Vaska the cat." The goals of this game are identical to the previous one. A child cat walks around the playground, purring. Kittens are playing around nearby. And so Vaska falls asleep, the kids run to him, accidentally wake him up, and then run off to their “houses” - their chairs.
3. "Legs." The purpose of this game is to practice the skill of repeating the actions of the instigator. Conditions: the teacher demonstrates running in place at different paces, the children repeat, and then says: “In the hole - bang,” and the children long jump.

Imitation games, due to their simple plot and simplicity of movements, can be used as physical education

Agility development

"Rabbits." Goals: practice jumping forward on two legs, practice the skill of climbing under a stretched rope barrier. Conditions: the kids are located in a “cage” - behind a rope stretched at a height of 40–50 cm from the floor. After the driver says: “Jump onto the lawn,” the children crawl under the barrier and jump “on the lawn.” At the signal: “Watchman!” they also return back to the “cells”.

Climbing skill

In the second junior group, as in the first, games to practice climbing skills are played at the wall bars. For example, the “Monkeys” game, according to which kids need to climb 3-4 steps up a gymnastics wall.

In the second junior group, climbing skills and agility are also practiced on the obstacle course

Development of attention

1. "Leaf fall." The purpose of this game is to teach kids to move to rhyming lines. Conditions: children take autumn leaves from their hands, and to the words of the teacher, wave them in different directions, spin around, squat, and then put the leaves on the ground next to them.
2. “Show it right.” Goals: to teach children to listen carefully to the driver, to coordinate movements with words. Conditions: the teacher names the parts of the body that the children should touch, but at the same time the adult himself touches the wrong ones. Children must navigate and point correctly.
3. “Who will throw the ball further?” Goal: follow the direction of objects. Children throw balls, remember their location, and then run to them and themselves or with the help of a teacher determine who is a better thrower and who is a worse thrower.

This is interesting. A number of methodologists identify a separate group of games aimed at relaxing children after physical activity. These include, for example, “Find a Bunny” (“Find a Bunny”). The essence of the rules comes down to the fact that the teacher hides a toy - a bunny, and the children, calmly moving around the group, look for it. Some teachers classify such games as mindfulness games.

Natural material, for example, autumn leaves, can be used as an attribute for games.

Neuropsychological ball games

Many games, unfortunately, are becoming a thing of the past, and the games familiar to many adults become “special”, called “neuropsychological”, and are played by children in specialists’ offices.

Why not play these simple and exciting games with your child, which will help avoid many problems in the future. ⠀ Ball games proposed by the famous neuropsychologist A. Semenovich: ⠀ 1. A child and an adult throw a large ball to each other from different distances and catch it with both hands. First, it’s better to throw in your hands, then a little to the right, to the left, higher, lower. Children should be able to throw a ball using both hands from below, from above, through the air or hitting the floor. We must try not to press the ball to ourselves, but to catch it only with our hands. ⠀ 2. The child throws a large ball against the wall in two ways:

1) throws it and immediately catches it; 2) throws it, lets it hit the floor once and only after that catches it. ⠀ 3. An adult and a child sit on the floor at a distance of 2-3 m from each other and take a large ball. They spread their legs and begin to roll the ball across the floor. First, they push him away from themselves with both hands, after a minute or two the child puts his left hand behind his back and rolls the ball only with his right hand, and after 3 minutes - only with his left. The ball should roll smoothly and directly into the hands of a partner. ⠀ 4. The child and adult perform all previous exercises with a medium-sized ball. ⠀ 5. A child and an adult throw a tennis ball to each other and catch it with both hands. ⠀ 6. A child and an adult roll balls on the floor to each other, while simultaneously pointing large and tennis balls towards each other. ⠀ 7. The child throws a large ball against the wall, but with a clap (threw - clapped his hands - caught). ⠀ 8. The child throws a tennis ball from his right hand to his left hand. ⠀ 9. The child throws different balls at a vertical target. The target can be a circle of paper attached to the wall or a hoop in the hand of an adult. ⠀

10. The child throws the ball back without turning, and an adult or another child catches the ball from behind. Players change places one by one. ⠀ 11. An adult and a child throw a tennis ball to a friend and catch it with one hand. ⠀ 12. An adult throws a ball and names the month, and the child catches the ball and says what time of year this month belongs to. ⠀ 13. A child throws a tennis ball against the wall and catches it with one hand. ⠀ 14. A child throws a ball against the wall and, when the ball flies off the wall, jumps over it. ⠀ 15. An adult places a target in front of the child that needs to be shot down. For example, two objects are placed on a stool, and several more objects are placed side by side on the floor. The child moves 8-10 steps away from the stool and tries to knock them down with a ball (large, medium, tennis). ⠀ 16. An adult places a horizontal target (basket, bucket, basin) in front of the child. The child’s task is to hit this target with a ball (large, medium, tennis). ⠀ 17. The child should lean forward and, pushing the ball alternately with the fingers of his right and left hand, roll it around his feet (describing a figure eight - right, left). ⠀ 18. The child throws a tennis ball against the wall and catches it alternately with his right and left hands. ⠀ 19. A stripe is drawn on the floor (or a rope is placed). The child stands at the beginning of this line and moves forward, hitting the ball on the floor either to the right of the line or to the left of it.

Playing with a ball can relieve tension and develop a child’s coordination, thinking, reaction speed, attention, accuracy and endurance.

Sincerely, Olga Naumova

Time plan and game execution

In the second younger group, the game lasts up to 10 minutes and includes working through five stages.

1. Introductory stage up to 1 minute. The teacher announces the name of the game, motivates and briefly describes the main actions (“We will run/climb/jump”, etc.).
2. Familiarization with the rules. The teacher describes in detail the actions of each participant in the plot (2 minutes).
3. Game up to 5 minutes.
4. Complicating conditions (1 minute). For example, the teacher relieves himself of his powers as a driver and transfers them to the child. The first 2-3 times this step is skipped.

   The complexity of the rules takes into account the characteristics of the group’s level of development, and may even be omitted altogether.

5. The final stage (reflection) – 1 minute. The teacher thanks the children for the game, praising their speed, dexterity and desire to help a friend.

Table: example of a summary of the outdoor game “Wolf and Hare” in the second junior group

Author - Krasavina M.K., teacher of MBDOU DSKV No. 17 “Ladushki”, Nizhnevartovsk, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug.

Video: outdoor game “Shaggy Dog” in the second junior group

Video: outdoor game “We stomp our feet”

Outdoor ball games for children

Hot potatoes

The game is played using a tennis ball or volleyball. Children sit in a circle, the leader is one of the players and immediately closes his eyes. Children throw it to each other, wanting to get rid of it as quickly as possible (as if it were a natural hot potato). Suddenly the presenter commands: “Hot potatoes!” The one who currently has a “hot potato” in his hands is eliminated from the game. When one person remains in the circle, the game ends and that player is considered the winner.

Bouncers

The bouncers stand behind the lines and throw the ball towards each other, trying to hit the players. The ball flying past the players is caught by the second bouncer, and the players turn around and hastily run back. It's the second bouncer's turn to throw.

The goal of the bouncers is to hit the players with the ball. The players' task is to dodge. The one who was hit by the ball is considered eliminated and leaves the playing field. When the last player remains on the field, his task is to dodge the ball as many times as he is full years old. If he succeeds, the game is considered won, all eliminated players return and everything starts all over again. If the last player is eliminated, then the first players eliminated become bouncers and the game continues.

Candle

All the children stand in a circle, and the driver stands in the center of the circle and throws the ball up with the words: “Candle!” While the ball is in the air, all the children rush in all directions, trying to run as far as possible from the center of the circle. The driver catches the ball and shouts: “Stop!” Children must stop, and the driver tries to hit the player closest to him with the ball. If he succeeds, then this player becomes the driver. Rules:

• The driver must make a “candle” by throwing the ball as high as possible.
• The driver can catch the ball not only in the air, but also from one bounce from the ground.

Shtander

Players stand in a circle approximately one step away from the player with the ball. He throws the ball up and shouts someone's name. Everyone runs away, and the one who was named must run to the center and catch the ball. If a player catches the ball in flight, he becomes the driver - and all actions are repeated, he can immediately shout the name of another player. But if the ball manages to touch the ground, he picks it up shouting: “Stander!” or just “Stop.” At this moment, everyone running must stop and freeze. The one with the ball tries to hit someone. If he hits, he is now the driver, and the one who was hit is eliminated from the game. If you don’t hit, everyone runs away again. In this case, the players do not have the right to move away from the place where they stopped (only dodging is allowed), and the driver does not have the right to leave the center of the circle for a throw.

Dog

The participants of the game stand in a circle. The selected driver goes inside the circle. The players pass the ball to each other so that the driver does not get it. The player through whose fault the ball is caught becomes the next driver. Rules:

• You cannot hold the ball in your hands for a long time.
• You can pass the ball in different ways: throw it through the air, roll it on the ground, bounce it off the ground. You can agree in advance and choose only one way to pass the ball.
• Players are allowed to make feints, false passes, throws, turns, etc.
• Any player, including the driver, can intercept the ball flying out of the circle.

If desired, the game can be somewhat complicated. For example, agree that during the game everyone moves in a circle to the right or left, or everyone who missed the ball joins the driver and also tries to take possession of the ball.

Lapta

This is an ancient and beloved Russian game. It requires a large platform, a ball and a lapta (bat or board). Two lines are drawn on the site. Behind one of them there is a “house”, behind the other there is a “city”, and between them there is a “field”.

The players are divided into two teams. The teams disperse: one goes to the “field”, and the other goes beyond the “city” line. One player from the “city” team hits the ball with his rounder, runs to the “house” and runs back to his place.

Selected field players try to intercept the ball and throw it at the runner. If the “city” player understands that he will not have time to reach the “house” without being greasy, he can stop and then run to the “city” together with the next player on his team. If the player managed to run to the “house” and return to the “city” unsalted, the team gets a point. If the ball is caught by a “field” player on the fly or if a “city” player is hit while running, the “city” team receives a penalty point.

The game takes place in two stages of 20 minutes each. At the end of each period, the teams switch places. Then the points are counted and the winner is determined based on their number.

Of course, this list of outdoor ball games can be continued. If there are special grounds, then children can play basketball, football, volleyball, tennis, etc.

How to analyze an outdoor game

Any stage of educational activity in a preschool educational institution is subject to analysis, which is carried out by colleagues, methodologists, and self-analysis, which is compiled by the teacher himself. The first is necessary to assess the level of methodological competence of the teacher, and the second is to identify and correct errors in organizing and conducting outdoor games with children. These analyzes in the context of gaming activity are carried out according to the same algorithm.

The more children are interested in the game, the more successful the analysis of the fun will be.

Parsing scheme

1. The hour when gaming activities begin.
2. How many children took part?
3. Are the goals and objectives appropriate for the age category?
4. Who initiated the game? In younger groups, this role is always played by the teacher.
5. What motivational techniques were used in the beginning.
6. How logically were the rules of the game laid out? And also were there instructions regarding the location of all players and the necessary attributes.
7. How clear are the rules for children? In case of violations, describe the reasons.
8. Level of preparation of attributes (especially important if they were done manually).
9. How were the roles distributed in the game: the teacher appointed or chose the driver and other counting rhymes.
10. How ready are the kids to cooperate (do they help each other, are they tolerant of their friends’ mistakes).
11. At what level do children develop speed of movement, agility, and endurance?
12. How is the role of the teacher assessed in the game (the logic of recommendations during the game activity, how often does it become an observer).
13. How is the summing up carried out (does the teacher praise the kids, does he single out those who distinguished themselves).
14. How long did the game last and how many times was it repeated?

Outdoor games occupy a special place in the educational work of preschool educational institutions, as they are aimed at achieving goals related to preserving the health and physical development of children. However, conducting games with pupils of the younger group, taking into account their age characteristics, requires the teacher to have thorough knowledge of the methods for preparing this kind of fun. Starting from species classification and ending with the distribution of time between all stages of implementation.