Didactic games in mathematics in the first and second junior groups: filling up the card index and planning lessons

Specifics of using didactic games in toddlers

As practice shows, in early preschool age children perceive with interest only tasks that use real objects and specific actions. Tasks that are performed in a familiar environment and situation (for example, hiding a handkerchief behind the back, showing a large cube in a box) usually do not cause difficulties for the children. Therefore, you should initially use just such games when working with children, and only then move on to pictures.

In addition, when using gaming aids, it is necessary to take into account an individual approach - to determine what volume and content of material is available to each specific child. Indeed, in toddlerhood, the development of children is very different due to their psychosomatic health (frequently ill children), character (excessively shy), and characteristics of family upbringing (some are taught by their parents from an early age).

A big role is played by the friendly atmosphere that the teacher must create during the lesson so that the child “opens up” and wants to play the proposed games. At the initial stage, many preschoolers experience natural difficulties and make mistakes - this should not stop the teacher, you need to behave gently and patiently.

The formation of mathematical concepts is especially important if the child has a delay in speech development. The baby will expand his vocabulary and learn words and actions that are important for communicating with people.

Didactic games in mathematics in the preparatory group

The preparatory group prepares preschoolers for entering school. Children already have a lot of knowledge, so games become more complex and provide the development of mathematical concepts sufficient for trouble-free learning in primary school.

Decorating the Christmas tree

The teacher attaches to the flannelgraph and also distributes to the pupils images of a Christmas tree and New Year's balls. He attaches 4 toys to the Christmas tree on the right side, 2 on the left. Children do the same with their Christmas trees. The teacher suggests adding up the balls: 4 + 2 = 6. Then he swaps the balls, it turns out 2 + 4 = 6. And so on several times with different numbers of toys. The game creates the idea that changing the terms does not change the sum.

Path for Little Red Riding Hood

Attached to the flannelgraph are images of grandma's house, Little Red Riding Hood, and forest trees. Under each tree is a simple arithmetic example that a preschooler can handle. The students take turns approaching the flannelgraph, solving an example, thereby moving Little Red Riding Hood closer to grandma’s house.

Yes or no

The teacher writes arithmetic examples on the board. Then shows the children pictures of numbers. If the number matches the solution to the next example, the children shout out: “Yes!” If the answer is wrong, they shout: “No!”

Make up a word

The game is competitive. The teacher displays arithmetic examples in two columns. Members of each team go out to solve them. The player who has solved the example approaches the table on which there are pictures of numbers corresponding to the solutions. He chooses his number, turns the picture over, and there is a letter there. Having solved all the examples, the team gets the floor. Those who complete the task faster win.

The main types of mathematical games for the youngest preschoolers

In the first junior group, not only mathematics classes are used, but also various types of games, one way or another related to mathematical concepts.

Didactic

Didactic games in the nursery group are based on manipulation with objects, they have simple rules and are mostly aimed at sensory development. Let's consider options suitable for this age.

"We're building a house." The game is aimed at developing ideas about color and shape. The teacher shows the children a toy dog ​​and a cat for which they need to build houses. But the dog wants a house made of bricks, and the cat wants a house made of cubes. In a hardware store (a shelf or box with cubes, bricks, balls), the guys choose the necessary materials and build buildings. Animals rejoice and dance merrily. Subsequently, such a game can be complicated - ask the kids to build a house from red cubes for the dog, and from green cubes for the cat, etc.

“Big and small balls” (distinguishing color and size). The teacher gives the children to look at balls of different colors and sizes (large and small), then brings out a large and small doll and says that Katya (big) wants to play with big balls, and Masha (small) with small ones. Preschoolers select toys of the right size. But it turns out that Masha is capricious: she only wants small balls in red, to match the color of her dress. Katya is also angry - she wants blue ones, like her bows on her braids.

Sensory games with clothespins are always popular with kids, as they can help them learn to group objects by color. Any teacher can make such manuals with their own hands. For example, children can be asked to hang their washed clothes on a string to dry: the color of the clothes (made of cardboard) should match the color of the clothespin. Another option is to attach spines to hedgehogs’ backs or attach legs to caterpillars.

Photo gallery: games with clothespins in early preschool age

In order for the caterpillar to walk, you need to build it legs from clothespins.

With the help of ordinary clothespins, kids learn to classify objects by color and reinforce the concept of “many.”

The color of the clothes must match the color of the clothespin

"Who's knocking?" (comparison of the concepts “one-many”). The teacher announces to the children that, for example, a bear or a bunny (toys) will come to visit them. The bear cub always knocks on the door once (“knock”), and the bunny knocks many times (“knock-knock-knock”): the actions are demonstrated. Both toys are put away under the table, the teacher knocks, and the kids must guess who came.

A game character - Mishka - came to the kids

“Find a pair” (combining two identical objects). The doll Katya asks for help finding her things: doll shoes and socks are mixed in front of the children (you can add children's things). The teacher puts one sock and a sandal on Katya’s foot, and the preschoolers must choose a pair to match them. As an option, this game can be played with paper mittens.

Kids learn to pair two identical objects

“A bunny walks around the group” (orientation in space, consolidation of prepositions with spatial meaning). A bunny comes to visit the guys and wants to take a walk around the playroom. He whispers in the teacher's ear where he wants to go or get to. The kids take turns performing actions, for example, putting the bunny on a doll's bed, a high chair, bringing it to the window so that it looks, looking behind the closet, etc.

Moving, physical education, finger gymnastics

In the first younger group, you can play simple outdoor games with kids, where there are no special rules that are difficult to understand at this age. For example, the following options are suitable.

“Don’t touch me.” Children follow each other, walking around objects (balls and cubes). The task is not to hit them and maintain intervals when walking. After the game, the children must answer the questions: what figures did they go around, how many of them (one, many). Subsequently, the task becomes more complicated - flat geometric shapes are used.

“Day and Night” (prerequisites for mastering time concepts). At the teacher’s “Day” signal, the kids walk, run, and jump; at the “Night” signal, they need to sit down and freeze (“fall asleep”). At the end of the game, the teacher asks when people sleep and what the children do during the day.

"Find your house." Geometric shapes - houses - are laid out on the floor (for example, girls have squares, and boys have circles). Children go out for a walk in the clearing: collect imaginary flowers, jump over streams, etc. At the signal “Rain,” you need to quickly hide in the house and stand on your geometric figure.

Some physical education exercises, for example, “Bunny,” are aimed at developing orientation in space relative to one’s body.

Table: physical education

The finger game “Met” will help you understand the concept of “two” (or “pair”). In addition, such activities train fine motor skills, which has a beneficial effect on speech development.

Table: finger game “Met”

The finger game “Hedgehog” reinforces the concept of set.

Table: finger game “Hedgehog”

Many finger games have mathematical content

Classes in the first junior group are filled with a variety of game techniques and materials to reinforce sensory standards: color, size, shape. Children spend most of the lesson in motion, moving freely and completing tasks at will. You should not ensure that all children in the subgroup complete the tasks without exception; it is better to transfer the development of a skill or concept to individual activities during a walk or in the afternoon.

Didactic games in mathematics for the senior group

We present educational games suitable for the older age group of kindergarten.

Aircraft

The game introduces the composition of the number 10. The flannelgraph acts as an airfield. Images of airplanes are attached to it. One of the students becomes a dispatcher: he sends one plane at a time and removes the flannelgraph. The rest of the players count how many planes have flown away and how many remain at the airfield.

Fun geometry

To play you need counting sticks. Children fold them so that geometric shapes emerge:

• 3 identical squares of 10 sticks;
• 2 identical squares out of 7;
• 2 identical triangles out of 5;
• 3 identical triangles out of 7;
• 4 identical triangles out of 9;
• one square and 2 identical triangles out of 5;
• one square and 4 triangles out of 9;
• 2 squares and 4 identical triangles out of 9.

In the last task you need to make squares from 7 sticks, then use the remaining 2 sticks to break them into triangles.

What happens?

The purpose of the didactic game in mathematics is to develop ideas about basic subject quantities and develop the skill of determining similarities in size.

The teacher names an adjective that defines a quantity, throws the ball to the players one by one, and they must name the objects that correspond to the specified definition. For example: "Tall". Children list: “Giraffe, closet, house, man, mountain.” Similarly for other definitions: long, narrow, short, low, large, small, wide.

Months

To play, you need cards depicting numbers from 1 to 12. Children sort the cards without looking. Then they stand in a row according to the numbers received. The teacher says that now the children have become the 12 months of the year. Then he asks questions of this type: “Third month, what is your name? April, what number are you?”

At the second stage of the game, the teacher lays out pictures on the table depicting seasonal landscapes and phenomena corresponding to the months. Players look at the pictures and find an image that matches their month.

Count by touch

To play, you need cardboard strips with beads sewn to them in quantities from 2 to 10. Players stand in a row, put their hands behind their backs, and receive strips from the teacher. Hands remain behind your back; you cannot look at the stripes. The game task is to count the number of beads.

The teacher names an arbitrary number, for example, 3. The child, who has counted the same number of beads, raises his hand and shows everyone the strip. Then the teacher changes the players' stripes and the game continues.

When does this happen?

The game reinforces the idea of ​​the time periods of the day, what one should do at different times. For the lesson, you need to prepare a large image of a clock with a moving hand, as well as pictures that show what people are doing at different times of the day. The teacher moves the arrow for a certain time, and the children choose the corresponding picture. For example, when the hand is moved to the hour, children choose a picture of a family having dinner.

Compare tapes

The game trains the skill of comparison based on external parameters. For this lesson you need 7 ribbons, varying in width and length.

Having laid out the tapes, the teacher asks the children:

• how many ribbons are there;
• are they the same or different;
• which ribbon is the longest, shortest, narrowest, widest;
• arrange the ribbons, starting from the shortest, ending with the longest;
• where in the resulting row is the widest ribbon, and where is the narrowest;
• arrange the ribbons from narrowest to widest;
• where in the resulting row is the longest ribbon, and where is the shortest.

Count the sounds of the orchestra

To play, you need musical instruments familiar to preschoolers that you can knock on: a drum, a tambourine, a triangle, a toy synthesizer. First, the teacher demonstrates to the students how the instruments sound, then hides them behind a screen. There, the teacher again hits a certain instrument 2-5 times, and the children must say what it sounded like and how many hits they heard. The game can be made more difficult by hitting 2-4 instruments at a time.

Let's treat ourselves to fruit

The game teaches division into different-sized parts and expands thematic vocabulary. The teacher brings fruit, for example peaches. He complains that there is not enough food for everyone. He asks what to do so that everyone gets a piece of peach. Children advise: “Divide.” Next they explain how fruit is divided: “In half.” The teacher cuts the peaches. But there is still not enough food for everyone. Then the children advise: “You need to divide each half into two parts. It will turn out to be quarters.” Now everyone has enough food.

Table: examples of GCD notes in mathematics for children 2–3 years old

Senior group

Preschoolers aged 5-6 years old, while playing, learn to sort objects according to physical parameters, determine size and distance using only vision. Didactic games improve visual perception, help expand individual vocabulary, and develop attentiveness and thinking ability.

Relay "Apples and Flowers"

For the game, prepare sets of two images: apples and flowers. Each set should include several pictures of different sizes: large, medium, small. Divide the players into two teams: call the first “Bee”, its members will collect flowers, the second - “Caterpillar”, its players will get apples. Place a bunch of pictures on the table. Place two tables at the other end of the room, on which participants will place pictures in a row in ascending order of size.

The players line up in two rows. At a signal, they take turns running up to the table, grabbing a flower or an apple, depending on the name of the team, running to their table, and placing a picture on it. Large pictures should be on the left side, medium ones in the center, small ones on the right. The game ends when all the pictures have been distributed. The team that manages to distribute the images first and correctly wins.

Honey for bears

For the game, prepare 3 boxes, in each place place an image of a pot of honey of different sizes. Give players 3 pots of appropriate sizes.

Ask the children to remember the fairy tale “The Three Bears”, ask what these animals like to feast on. Invite the students to send 3 parcels of honey to the bear family: for dad, mom and cub. Children carefully look at the pictures of the pots in the boxes and in their own, identifying the matches. Then the pots are distributed into boxes.

Let's plant flowers

The game is competitive. Place images of large and small flowers mixed on the table. Make two semblances of beds on the floor.

Tell the players that the flowers urgently need to be transplanted into the beds so that they do not wither. Children look at the images and note the difference in size. Two people play: one transplants small flowers, the second – large ones. Children quickly transfer pictures from the table to improvised beds. The player who moves the flowers faster and more accurately wins.

Counting steps

Explain to students that distance can be calculated in steps. Ask one child to slowly, without changing the width of his step, walk from one corner of the room to the opposite. The rest count the steps and write them down on the board. Then another preschooler does the same. It is important to choose a child who is taller than the previous one. The result should be fewer steps. Explain to the children that the taller a person is, the longer his legs are, the fewer steps he needs to cover the distance.

Card index of FEMP games used in the second junior group

Games with mathematical content offered in the second junior group become more complex. They perform a specific task or combine several tasks.

1. Compiling groups of objects, obtaining equality, selecting objects according to some criterion (reinforce the concept of quantity, magnitude).
2. Distinguishing geometric shapes.
3. For orientation in space (optionally - on a plane).
4. Reinforcing temporary concepts (parts of the day).

Children of the fourth year of life, without prompting from the teacher, decide what to do in their free time. Therefore, the mathematics corner in the group becomes more saturated with various aids, in particular, more board and printed games appear.

In the second younger group, board and printed games are already appropriate

The rules of outdoor games are becoming more complicated, and numbers are introduced into finger gymnastics, which children involuntarily remember.

Educational

The catalog of didactic games in mathematics in the second junior group is quite voluminous. In early preschool age, games are popular, the essence of which is to compare the shapes of objects and objects with geometric figures. This is, for example, “Geometric Lotto”, “Find an object of the same shape”.

Kids also love to make beautiful ornaments from geometric shapes and decorate objects with them. This is the game “Make a pattern on a mitten”: preschoolers are offered mittens with a variety of patterns of geometric shapes. The children’s task is to decorate the second one in the same way to make a pair.

Pupils of the second junior group must place on the second mitten the same pattern of figures as on the first

“Collect beads for the doll.” The child is offered a thread and three-dimensional geometric shapes with a hole inside. Alternating the figures in a given sequence, the baby assembles a beautiful decoration for the doll.

An exciting game guide will help children remember shapes, primary colors and is very useful for the development of fine motor skills

This game has variations:

• lay out beads from identical figures of different colors;
• from different figures of the same color;
• from two different figures of different colors;

A simpler version of the game is beads, which are laid out from flat figures on a sheet of paper with a drawn thread.

Children aged 3–4 years old enjoy playing “Wonderful Bag”: the teacher names a geometric figure, and the children (one by one) find the same one in the bag by touch. By the way, you can use Dienesh blocks for such activities.

“Zoo” reinforces the concepts of “one” and “many.” The teacher informs the children that many new animals have been brought to the zoo (shows figurines), and leads the children to the idea that the animals cannot all be together. They need to be distributed into different cells (paper boxes). Each child takes one animal and transports it by car into a cage. All this activity is accompanied by questions to the teachers: how many animals, how many cars, how many cages.

Fix Your Car teaches you to classify objects based on their color and size. The teacher invites the kids to turn into auto mechanics and change the wheels on cars. But you need to be careful: a larger car must have larger wheels and vice versa.

For each car you need to choose wheels of the appropriate color and size.

Movable

In the second junior group, various outdoor games are held, organized according to the principle “Find your house.” However, each time, in order to arouse the interest of preschoolers, the teacher offers a new plot: “Cat and Mice”, “Birds and the Cat”, “Sparrows and a Car”, etc. The goal of the game is to occupy your hole, nest, garage (their number corresponds to the number of children ).

“Where did the mouse hide” develops orientation in space. The teacher shows a toy mouse that really wants to play with the kids. The kids close their eyes, and the mouse ends up under the table, on the closet, etc. The task of preschoolers is to find it, always commenting on the location of the toy with the words: above, below, near, etc.

“Mirror” (also aimed at developing orientation in space). The teacher tells the children that they are turning into a mirror and must repeat all its movements. At first, the movements are simple - raise your arm or leg, touch your ear, etc., and then they become more complex: raise your arm and leg at the same time, jump and clap your hands.

“Giants and Dwarfs” reinforces the concept of size. The kids walk around the room at a normal pace. At the teacher’s signal “Dwarfs!” their steps become short, “Giants!” - very long.

A similar game can be supplemented with speech development. Children sit in a circle, the teacher rolls a ball one by one, begins a phrase, and the child must finish it:

• boots are long, and boots... (short)
• The T-shirt has short sleeves, and the shirt... (long).
• the knee socks are long, and the socks... (short).
• the shorts are short and the trousers... (long).
• the dress is long, and the skirt... (short).
• the coat is long, and the jacket... (short).

Physical education and finger games

It is good to alternate calm didactic games in class with physical education exercises and finger exercises, which also reflect mathematical concepts. During physical education, children can strengthen their spatial orientation skills.

Table: physical education

Table: finger game “Toys” (consolidating counting skills)

Table: finger game “Worms”

Table: finger game "Dishes"

Classes with children aged 3–4 years last longer than in a nursery, and children can already spend some time at the tables, completing the teacher’s assignments.

Didactic games in mathematics for the middle group

We present games for middle group kindergarteners, covering a wide range of mathematical knowledge: arithmetic, geometric, logical.

Tell me the missing number

To play you need to prepare 10 cards. Each one depicts a circle with a specific number from 1 to 10. All images are of different colors.

The teacher lays out the cards in the correct sequence of numbers. Children carefully examine the images, making sure that not a single number is missing. Then they close their eyes, and the teacher hides one image. Having opened their eyes, children try to remember what color the circle disappeared, what number was depicted on it.

Count by sound

To play, you need cards depicting objects from 1 to 9. The teacher knocks on the tambourine a certain number of times, the children listen carefully and count the number of hits. Then select a card depicting the corresponding number of objects.

Math riddles

The game develops counting skills. The teacher posts several images of objects made in a certain quantity. Hand out drawn numbers to the children. Next, he reads out a riddle about one of the depicted objects, and the players guess it. For example: “I’m the size of a fist, red side, if you touch it it’s smooth, if you bite it it’s sweet.” Answer: "Apple." Children point to the picture, count how many apples there are on it, and raise the corresponding number.

Geometric designs

To play, you need to prepare images of 3 objects made from different geometric shapes: a house, a tree with Christmas balls, a snowman.

Children carefully look at the images, and the teacher asks questions:

• what figures are the drawings made from?
• are there any triangles here, count them;
• Are there squares, how many are there;
• if there are circles, count them;
• if there are any other figures, what kind and in what quantity;
• how many figures are there in the picture?
• the figures are the same or differ in size;
• what figures are there more?

Let's fix the car

The game requires an image of a car made up of geometric shapes. One of the players becomes the leader, the rest of the children close their eyes. The presenter hides one of the figures that make up the car. Players, opening their eyes, must say what has disappeared. The first player to correctly name the missing part becomes the next leader. The game can be complicated: remove not one, but two pieces.

Find the mistake

The teacher arranges geometric shapes in a row according to certain characteristics. One of the objects does not correspond to the unifying feature. For example, all squares are green and one is blue. Or, in a row among the triangles there is a circle. The player must identify the error.

Magic bag

There are geometric shapes in an opaque linen bag. The player, plunging his hand inside, gropes for the object and names what it is. The game can be complicated: the teacher sets a certain figure, and the child tries to feel it and find it among the others.

Adjacent digits

The players stand in a row. The presenter throws the ball to each child and names a number, for example 5. The task of the player who received the ball is to name the adjacent numbers. In this example it is 4 and 6.

Kaleidoscope of squares

The game reinforces the idea of ​​the relationship between parts and the whole and develops color perception. For the activity you need 36 paper squares 8x8 cm. The figures must be of different colors, and the shades must be clearly distinguishable. The squares need to be cut randomly. Write a number on the back of each piece.

Players complete the following tasks:

• put the pieces together into squares;
• distribute parts of figures by color;
• arrange the pieces according to numbers;
• They try to make squares from pieces that don’t match in color.

Describe the pattern

Each player receives an image consisting of different geometric shapes. The child must carefully examine his pattern and describe it in detail. For example: “There is an oval in the upper right corner, a circle in the upper left, a triangle in the lower right, a circle in the lower left, and a rectangle in the middle.”

Matryoshka dolls

The game develops the skill of ordinal counting. For it you need to take 5 scarves of different colors and put them on the heads of the children standing in a row. The remaining players take turns taking part. The player approaches the nesting dolls, they call themselves: “first”, “second” ... “fifth”. The player remembers what number the nesting dolls with a certain color of scarf are located under, then turns away. Two people in a row change places. The player, turning back, must say what has changed. For example: “The matryoshka doll with a green scarf was second, now it’s fourth. And the nesting doll with a yellow scarf was fourth and became second.”

Table: examples of notes for a game lesson in mathematics for children 3–4 years old

Teaching mathematical concepts in the first and second junior groups is inextricably linked with the gaming component. After all, games are a fun and exciting alternative to the same type of tasks with similar visual material. The first successes inspire children, awakening interest in mathematics. And this subject, in turn, contributes to raising children as thinking people who can draw conclusions, correctly assess the situation and make decisions independently.

Preparatory

In the preparatory group, 6-7 year old kindergarteners prepare for school; the games become more complex and have a more educational focus. Children learn not only to distinguish objects by size, but to count them, arrange them in ascending and descending order, alternate, while explaining their decision in detail. Games develop attentiveness, memory, intelligence, cultivate observation, perseverance, and perseverance.

Find the differences

Prepare two similar plot pictures for the game. In general, they should be the same, but several objects depicted on them should differ in some physical parameter: height, thickness, length. The task of preschoolers is to find the differences.

Making beads

To play, cut out circles of different sizes and colors from thick paper, and prepare a long rope.

Invite the children to make beads that they would like to see on their mother's neck. Students must arrange circles on the rope in an original way. It is important to suggest the idea of ​​alternation: beads on which the circles are placed not randomly, but in a certain order, look more beautiful. At the end of the game, children choose the winner who has the most beautiful decoration.

What happens?

The presenter names the definition, and the players take turns recalling the objects that relate to it. For the correct answer the player receives a point. The winner is the one who collects the most points. For example:

• it can be long... a dress, a river, a snake, a rope;
• It can be deep... sea, well, pit, cave;
• It can be tall... a house, a mountain, a person, a giraffe.

Similarly for other definitions: thick, wide, narrow, short.