Preschool mathematics: designing from geometric shapes

"A man made of geometric shapes."

GCD for design Venue: game room

Topic of the week: “ I am human. (Our body)"

Topic of the lesson: “Man made of geometric shapes.”

Integration of educational areas: “Cognitive development” (construction), “Speech development”, “Artistic and aesthetic development”. “Social and communicative development”, “Physical development”.

Goal: Development of the ability to construct a silhouette of a person from paper.

Tasks:

• Give an idea of ​​the human structure

• To form in children a sustainable interest in constructive activities; desire to experiment, create, invent;
• Develop attention, ability to concentrate, memory, logical thinking; small muscles of the hands (motility);
• Develop the ability to analyze, highlighting the characteristic features of an object, functional parts; establish a connection between their purpose and structure; continue to develop the skills to correctly and quickly navigate in space;
• Cultivate respect for your own and other people’s work.

Materials: geometric shapes, glue, cardboard

Methods and techniques:

1. Verbal (conversation, explanation)
2. Visual (show)
3. Practical (finger gymnastics)

Move

Preschool mathematics: designing from geometric shapes

Introducing a preschooler first to geometric figures and then to the basics of geometry opens up new opportunities for organizing effective developmental activities. As part of an entertaining geometry course for kids, offer your little one a design from geometric shapes, the benefits, methods and principles of which we will now tell you about. Interesting? Then let's figure it out together!

The benefits of geometric design

Composing various designs (ornaments, abstractions, simple images or even entire plot paintings) from flat geometric shapes is an effective key to the comprehensive development of imagination:

• introduces geometric figures, expands and consolidates knowledge on this topic;
• creates favorable conditions for mastering the concepts of “color”, “shape”, “size”;
• develops spatial, abstract and figurative thinking;
• stimulates the imagination;
• helps to reveal creative potential;
• promotes speech development;
• trains fine motor skills;
• improves hand-eye coordination.

Designing from geometric shapes is a universal activity that can captivate boys and girls of different ages and temperaments. Very young designers can be asked to simply play with the details of the construction set, look at them carefully, and try to sort them according to one or another characteristic (shape, color, size). The level of difficulty of tasks should grow with the child.

Young creators with a rich imagination are attracted to creating images from flat geometric figures by the opportunity to realize interesting images and give vent to their fantasies. Such kids easily cope with creative tasks, sometimes putting together incredibly interesting patterns from existing parts without a given sample.

Calm, reasonable, and logical preschoolers enjoy working with clear forms. They carry out verbal algorithms with pleasure and are happy when they receive a tangible result, a visualization of their work.

By combining different techniques of geometric planar design, you develop both hemispheres of the child’s brain, which has a beneficial effect on the child’s creative and logical thinking.

Do-it-yourself geometric constructor

In children's stores, geometric construction sets are presented in a rich assortment. You can buy magnetic construction sets, insert frames, puzzles... Or you can make a useful educational game yourself. All you need is a ruler, pencil, compass, scissors and, of course, a supply of suitable material:

• colored cardboard (you can use velvet, foil, designer with different textures);
• felt;
• carpet;
• thin linoleum;
• polyurethane mat;
• plastic folders and binders.

Important! To prevent your child from getting hurt, carefully handle the edges of the figures.

If you have a supply of fabrics of different textures, use it for your DIY construction set: prepare a set of figures from thick cardboard, and then cover each of them with jeans, corduroy, velvet, satin, felt... If you attach a small piece to each figure on one side sewing contact tape (in other words, Velcro), you will get an excellent material for geometric design on a flannelgraph.

It’s up to you to decide which specific figures for a homemade geometric constructor to include in the set. The younger the child, the fewer elements he needs. For children 2–3 years old, prepare kits containing:

• circles;
• squares;
• triangles;
• rectangles;
• ovals.

Each figure should be represented in different colors and sizes.

If you wish, you can supplement your set with more complex shaped objects - various arches, stars, irregular figures (resembling clouds, puddles or blots - whatever you like).

To begin with, you can make small sets: 5 variants of each basic figure. Your set will be replenished with new parts as needed. It's not a problem.

Working with geometric figures: instructions for parents

Classes with parts of a geometric constructor can be organized in different ways:

• repeat according to the sample;
• follow the verbal description;
• independent work.

For children 2–3 years old , offer ready-made templates, help the kids repeat the image from the available parts, discuss what shapes you used.

Children 4–5 years old can be given a set of figures and asked to put together simple pictures. For example:

• Make a Christmas tree from three triangles and a rectangle.
• Build a house from three squares, a triangle and a rectangle.
• Use any shapes from your set to make a flower.

When your child completes the task on his own or with your help, discuss what color and size shapes he used. Ask the little designer to justify his choice.

At older preschool age, children are able to create whole plot pictures from geometric shapes. Invite your child to make an original greeting card with their own hands, decorating it with an applique of geometric shapes.

On a note! Geometric applique, like geometric mosaic, are varieties of planar design from geometric shapes. Combine these methods when organizing preschool math classes with children of different ages.

Friends! Don't forget, the best way to teach a child is to set a good example. If you want your baby to grow up creative, enthusiastic and smart, feel free to fantasize by coming up with interesting tasks for him using a geometric constructor.

We wish you happy, creative parenting. See you again!

Summary of a mathematics lesson in the middle group of kindergarten “In the Land of Geometric Shapes”

1. Summary of the final lesson in mathematics in the middle group of kindergarten, topic: “In the land of geometric shapes” Objectives:

Identify the acquired knowledge, ideas, and skills that children acquired during the school year. Improve the ability to correlate numbers with quantities, compare aggregates and establish equality between them; Improve knowledge about geometric figures and the shape of objects; Improve the ability to analyze objects and isolate the odd one from the presented series according to a characteristic feature; Develop mental operations, attention, the ability to navigate in space, compare objects by size, understand the independence of numbers. To develop children's curiosity, mutual assistance, self-esteem skills, gross and fine motor skills.

1. Equipment:

Demo material:

Pictures for a dynamic pause, pictures of “geometric flags”, pictures of “who is the odd one out at the table?”, pictures for gymnastics for the eyes.

Handout:

Worksheets include geometric trees, geometric houses, geometric swings, geometric fishing. Scissors, glue, sheets of paper, geometric shapes cut out of colored paper. Colored pencils, fans with numbers, pictures with images of geometric shapes with a given color for each shape for coloring.

1. Progress of the lesson: Greeting game “Our smart heads”

Our smart heads will think a lot, cleverly. The ears will listen, the mouth will speak clearly. Hands will clap, Feet will stomp. Our backs straighten, we smile at each other.

1. Game situation “Journey to the land of geometric shapes”

— Today we will take a trip to the land of geometric shapes. What geometric shapes do you know? Circle, oval, triangle, rectangle, square are plane figures. There are also three-dimensional figures - a cube, a ball, a cylinder. In geometric country, geometric shapes are everywhere.

1. Quantitative and ordinal counting, numbers Exercise “Geometric trees”

In front of you are trees with crowns that look like geometric shapes. Count how many trees there are in the picture? Five trees. Show a tree with a crown that looks like a circle (oval, triangle, rectangle, square). What type of tree has a round crown (oval, triangular, rectangular, square)?

1. Magnitude, numbers Exercise “Geometric houses”

— Consider the houses of a geometric country.

What do you think, which geometric figure lives in which house? Whose house is the tallest (lowest)? Whose house is the widest (narrowest)? Whose house does the longest (shortest) path lead to? Show on the fan the number indicating the number of floors in a square house (rectangular, triangular).

1. Orientation in space Exercise “Arrange geometric shapes on a sheet”

- Now turn the sheets of paper over to the back, clean side and prepare cardboard geometric shapes for work.

Place the square in the upper right corner. Place a circle in the middle of the sheet. Place a triangle in the lower left corner. Place the oval in the upper left corner. Place a triangle in the lower right corner.

Dynamic pause “Count and do” How many triangles are in the green Christmas tree, How many bends can you immediately perform. (3)

How many oval pies are on the plate, immediately perform the same number of jumps. (5)

How many rectangular glasses are there for guests? Do as many squats as quickly as possible. (4)

How many round vases are there on the shelf? Clap your hands as many times as possible. (1)

How many square flags they hung for us, how many turns you need to make now. (2)

1. Thinking Didactic game “Who is the odd one out at the table?”

- What do you think is the odd geometric figure on a round table? What figure do you think is the odd one out on a polygonal table?

1. Independence of number Exercise “Geometric flags”

— Which square flags are larger, blue or red? There are equal numbers of them. This means that the number of flags does not depend on their color. Which rectangular flags are more numerous, small or large? There are equal numbers of them. This means the quantity does not depend on the size. Which triangular flags are larger, those lined up in a circle, or those lined up in a row? There are the same number of them. This means the quantity does not depend on the location.

1. Comparison of aggregates Exercise “Geometric swing”

— Geometric shapes ride on swings. On the left side of the swing, place three circles to ride. And on the right side plant ovals, one less than circles. What can be done to make the number of circles and ovals equal? Add one oval or remove one circle.

1. Fine motor skills, eye exercise “Catch a fish”

- Place a pencil dot in the middle of each fish and connect this dot to the hooks.

1. Gymnastics for the eyes “Find an object similar in shape”

- Find with your eyes an object similar in shape to a triangle (circle, square, oval, rectangle).

1. Cutting out “Geometric shapes” with scissors

— How to make triangles from a square using scissors? How to make squares from a rectangle using scissors? How to make two semicircles from a circle?

1. Design "Geometric picture"

— Make a picture from the geometric shapes you have obtained and paste it on a sheet of paper. This picture will remind you of a trip to the land of geometric shapes.

- And take home this coloring book. (A picture with an image made up of geometric shapes with a given color for coloring each shape).