Didactic game “Figures”: goal, tasks

The purpose of the didactic game “Figures”

The card index lists games with many didactic functions that ensure the comprehensive development of the child. But their common goal is to form an idea of geometric shapes.

General tasks:

memorization and comprehension of geometric figures;
consolidation of ideas about colors and outlines of surrounding objects;
development of visual, including color, spatial and planar perception;
improving the skills of comparative analysis, classification, generalization;
memory training, concentration, intelligence, and the ability to think logically;
formation of the skill of ordinal counting, primary mathematical knowledge;
improvement of finger motor skills, general physical development;
expansion of individual vocabulary, development of the skill of detailed answers to questions;
nurturing perseverance, determination, independence, observation, the ability to act according to rules and instructions, and work productively in a team.

Progress of the game:

Those who play have a full set of geometric shapes . One places any piece . The second player must place a piece that differs from it in only one attribute. So, if the first one puts a yellow large triangle, then the second one puts, for example, a yellow large square or a blue large triangle. The game is built like a domino.

Didactic game “Find and name”

Goal: to consolidate the ability to quickly find a geometric figure of a certain size and color.

Middle group

We offer didactic games for children “Geometric Shapes”, which can be used in the middle age group, that is, for pupils 4-5 years old.

Wonderful bag

Take a medium-sized bag of opaque material for the game, pick up several medium-sized objects that have a clearly defined geometric shape: a ball, a ball of thread, an apple, a box of pencils, a cube, a box of matches, etc. Put everything in a bag, ask your child to draw out only round-shaped objects, then only rectangular ones.

Geometric football

The game introduces preschoolers to two spatial objects: a ball and a cube. Build something like a football goal on the table. Ask your child to roll first the ball into the goal, then the cube. Then help the student draw conclusions: the ball has no corners, so it rolls easily; the cube is more difficult to move due to the presence of edges, but it is more stable on a horizontal surface.

House for a hedgehog

To play, cut out triangles of different sizes: take two paper squares - one larger, the other smaller, and cut them diagonally. Lay out the resulting figures in front of the student, tell them that autumn has come, the hedgehog is getting ready to fall asleep until spring, you need to help him build a cozy house from all the triangles presented.

Fish

Cut triangles from square sheets using the method described above. Ask your preschooler to make a fish out of the shapes. This can be done in several ways, the main thing is that the triangles should not intersect. If the child likes some version of the geometric fish more than others, you can make an applique out of it using glue.

Relay race

Divide the students into two teams. Each group of children stands in a row. Place a stool at the beginning of each row. At the other end of the room, place cardboard squares and triangles mixed together on the table.

When the start sounds, the players take turns running up to the table, grabbing the piece, and carrying it to their stool. The first team must collect squares, the second - triangles. The game ends when all players in one of the teams have participated in the relay. This team wins, but only if the pieces are assembled correctly.

Say it in one word

For the game, prepare groups of geometric shapes, united by shape, but with different other characteristics. For example, large and small rectangles, circles of different colors. Place objects on the table in groups of 4. The child must name them with a general word.

Arrange by size

For the game, make paired geometric shapes: one object in the pair is large, the second is small. Place two squares on the table. The student’s task is to place other objects on the squares according to their size. That is, you need to put large triangles, ovals, etc. on a large square, and equally small ones on a small one.

Didactic game “Find the figures”

For a board game, make paired cards depicting several geometric shapes. Take some pictures from the pairs and place the others on the table. Show the children the cards one by one, and they must find similar images on the table.

Find a house

For an active game, give the children a small geometric image: one is a circle, another is a square, another is a triangle, and so on. Place stools with corresponding shapes in different places in the playroom. Turn on music to which children should run around the room and dance. When the music stops, children must quickly find their “house,” that is, a stool, and run up to it. The game can be complicated: move the stools away so that the players do not notice it.

Didactic game “Shapes and Forms”

To play, print out geometric pictures. Show your child the shapes at random, and he must name the object of the corresponding shape. For example, having seen a circle, a student can name the following objects: apple, ball, orange, wheel, sun.

What's hidden

Place geometric images in front of the student. Let the preschooler look at them carefully, then close his eyes and not peek. Hide one of the pictures. The student, having opened his eyes, must remember which figure disappeared.

Progress of the game.

The game is played with one table. The rest can be covered with a blank sheet of paper. The adult suggests carefully examining the geometric shapes , tracing the contours of the shapes , and naming them. In one lesson you can show your child 2-3 tables.

Game “Find an object of the same shape”

An adult has geometric shapes : circle, square, triangle, oval, rectangle, etc.

He shows the child one of the figures , for example, a circle. The child must name an object of the same shape.

Game "Guess what's hidden"

On the table in front of the child are cards depicting geometric shapes . The child examines them carefully. Then the child is asked to close his eyes, the adult hides one card. After the conventional sign, the child opens his eyes and says what is hidden.

Didactic game “Only one property”

Goal: to consolidate knowledge of the properties of geometric shapes , develop the ability to quickly select the desired shape , and characterize it.

Senior group

We recommend these games on geometry for preschoolers in the older age group, that is, 5-6 years old.

Mosaic

For the game, prepare cards depicting objects made of geometric shapes. Invite the student to look carefully at the image, say what shapes he sees, whether they are large, whether there are many of them. Next, lay out the corresponding figures in front of the child and ask them to make an image similar to the one on the card.

When the preschooler begins to deftly complete the task, you can offer a complication: let him make an image without looking at the card. You can also invite the student to dream up: make another image from the same figures.

Pizza

To play, make a large circle - this will be the base of the pizza. Divide it into parts according to the number of children participating. Also cut out a lot of small shapes - this will be the filling for the pizza.

One child creates a geometric pattern on one of the pizza slices. The rest of the players must make the same pattern on their pieces. When the children have completed it, ask them what kind of figures they used and in what quantity.

If one child is playing, then name him the geometric objects that he should lay out as “filling”.

Fashionable glasses

For the game, prepare images of glasses with lenses of different geometric shapes. There should be holes instead of glass. Separately, cut out geometric shapes corresponding to the holes. The child’s task is to find suitable glasses for each glasses.

When the first task is completed, ask the student to find objects in the room and outside the window that are as close in shape as possible to the lenses of the glasses.

If two children are playing, encourage them to choose glasses with different lenses. Each player tries to find an object around that consists of two geometric shapes at once: like his own glasses and his friend’s glasses.

Ladybug wings

For the game, make images of ladybugs. They should have one wing, cut the second one separately. On the wings of insects, instead of black dots, different geometric shapes should be depicted; each ladybug has its own.

Lay out the blanks in front of the players, tell them that the bugs are playing too much and have lost their beautiful wings. We need to help them find them. Children find a suitable wing for each insect. Next, they count how many figured dots the bugs have on each wing and on both.

Find the extra figure

For the game, prepare cards, each of which depicts 4 geometric shapes. The game task is to find an object that does not correspond to the other three in most respects, and comment on the choice. For example, there is a small red circle, a large red circle, a small green circle, and a large yellow square. It is clear that the extra one is the last figure, since it does not correspond to the others in two of the three characteristics: shape and color.

Geometric competition

Make a playing field out of whatman paper: draw different figures on it. Two children are playing: they take turns throwing a die. For hitting a triangle, 1 point is given, for a square - 2 points, for a circle - 3 points, for a rectangle - 4 points. Before the game, you should agree on how many moves there will be. The player with the most points wins.

Collect the figures

For a board game, prepare images of figures lined up in a row. Moreover, objects should not be located chaotically, but in a certain order according to the principle of alternation. The task of the player who received the image is to continue the row and correctly select the next pieces in order. After completing the task, the player names the geometric objects that he used.

The game can be organized as a competitive one. Children play in pairs, the winner is the one who completes their row first. Further, it is possible to complicate the task: remove 2-3 objects from the row laid out by one player, and the second student must insert the correct figures into the empty areas.

Choose your figure

Prepare for the game large and small images of daisies with geometric shapes in the center. Place large flowers on the table. Let the children list the shapes they see. Ask the students to match each large daisy with a small one with a similar core.

Figured domino

For the game, make 28 pictures. Half of each of them should depict a certain geometric figure. Duplicate cards must have identical objects drawn on them. And the seventh duplicated picture must have both empty halves.

Place the cards on the table with the backs facing up. The game rules correspond to regular dominoes; the game starts with an empty duplicate card. The move is to lay out the card to the edge of the chain so that the same images are joined. If the player does not have a corresponding picture, then he takes the one he needs from the general pile. The first player to get rid of his cards wins.

Matryoshka dolls

For the game, prepare images of nesting dolls with geometric contours that form a pattern on the sundress. Separately cut out the shapes corresponding to the elements of the pattern.

Look at each geometric object with your children, let the children trace it with their finger and say what it is called. Next, invite the students to return the elegant look to the nesting doll sundresses. Children select shapes from a pile and place them on the contours of the sundress patterns.

Games and play exercises for the development of geometric concepts in preschool children

GAMES AND GAME EXERCISES
FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF GEOMETRICAL CONCEPTS OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
middle group.
Exercises aimed at developing the ability to identify geometric shapes in a picture, drawing, or in the environment.

These exercises improve the ability to recognize geometric shapes, isolate them from a drawing, abstracting from unimportant features.
In the exercises, work is carried out to improve numerical concepts.
First, simple drawings are offered, the figures in which do not overlap each other. Then the tasks and drawings become more complex, and the figures can consist of other figures.

Exercises.

What shapes are used in the drawing?

How many circles are there in the picture? Squares? Triangles?

How are the drawings similar and different?

Find 9 triangles: Find 3 triangles:

Find all the triangles and rectangles:

How many figures are there in the picture and what kind:

Didactic games.

"Camera"

Material: cards with images of geometric shapes of different colors and sizes. Procedure: children pick up “cameras” (imitate), the teacher shows a card with a geometric figure for a few seconds, children “photograph” it (memorize), and then “develop the film” - sketch or lay out the same figure.

“How much of what?”

The game is similar. Children must tell how many and what shapes they saw in the picture.

"Pyramids"

Material: a set of pyramids, their outline images. Progress: - use the proposed contour diagram to find a pyramid; - use the pyramid to find the corresponding contour diagram; - according to the proposed contour diagram, fold a pyramid; - Draw a contour diagram based on the proposed folded pyramid.

"Different Houses"

The game is similar. Instead of pyramids, images of houses of different configurations and their contour images are used.

"Geometric Lotto"

Material: per child 1-2 large cards, divided into 4-6-9 parts, one of which contains a geometric figure; a set of cards with images of simple shaped objects. H od: cards are distributed to children 1-2 at a time, small cards from the presenter, who picks them up one at a time and asks: “Who needs this?” Children compare the shape of objects with a model of a geometric figure and, if they match, then place them on an empty square. The first one to fill out the card wins.

"Geometric Domino"

Material: sets of cards, divided into two parts (domino-type), which depict geometric figures (at a younger age of the same color and size). Move: as when playing a regular domino. Identical figures are placed nearby (by shape, or color, or size, or by 2-3 signs of similarity at once). In older groups, there is a complication: put figures nearby, for example, of the same shape, but different colors.

"Find the same figure"

Material: children and the teacher have sets of geometric shapes of different colors and sizes depending on the age group, children have chips. Progress: the teacher shows a geometric figure (raises the model or shows it with an arrow on a “geometric clock”). The child must place a chip on the same figure. The winner is the one who is the first to cover all the figures and name them correctly.

“Mysterious contours”, “Whose trace is this?”, “Whose shadow is this?”, “Irregular shadows”

Materials: outline images of objects, real images of objects. Task options: - guess what is drawn in the picture (the contours can be intertwined); - guess which object the “wet footprint” belongs to; - guess who can cast which shadow; — guess whether the shadows of objects are drawn correctly?

“Find out by part”, “Complete the picture”, “Put the picture together”, “What does it look like?”, “What toy?”, “Pebbles on the shore”, “What’s in Santa Claus’s bag?”

Which figure is hiding?

What does it look like?

Finish it!

What's in Santa Claus's bag? Pebbles on the shore

“White Sheet”, “Patches”, “Broken Showcase”, “What did Petya cut out and what did he draw?”

In all these games, it is necessary to cover one figure (shape) with another of the same shape (to achieve a complete match). The result is a white sheet (dark figures are covered by white ones), pants with patches instead of holes, glass inserted instead of knocked out. In the latter case, it is necessary to determine what shape the parts are cut out and which are not, i.e. completed.

“Pick up the key to the lock,” “Pick up the nut.”

Material: locks (bolts) with holes of a certain shape and a set of keys (nuts) with contours of the same shape. Task: collect pairs - who is faster?

“Find your house”, “Cars and garages”

Material: sets of large geometric shapes for “houses” or “garages”, sets of geometric shapes for “tenants” or “steering wheels”. Move: at the teacher’s signal, children move freely around the playground (group), pretending to be residents (birds, etc.) or cars. According to another signal, they occupy “houses” (“garages”) in accordance with the figures they have in their hands.

“Find a pair”, “Paired pictures”, “Match the pairs”

Material: sets of geometric shapes or tables with geometric shapes. Progress: children fill in the empty “windows” in the tables, on cards, or put the same geometric figure next to each other, or connect them with lines (from the middle group you can do it at speed).

"Wonderful bag"

Material: bag, sets of geometric shapes or objects. Task options: - recognize a figure or object by touch; - find the same object or figure as in the bag; — find all triangles, etc.

“Count how many and what shapes”, “Find all the triangles, circles...”, “What shapes do you see?”

Various geometric shapes are drawn on sheets of paper, which can intersect, hide behind each other, behind lines and strokes. Task: find all the hidden figures, show and name them.

"Let's put on triangular glasses"

Material: models of glasses of different shapes (pince-nez type). Procedure: children “put on” glasses and “see” through them only those objects that have the same shape as the glasses. You can give out a token for each find. The one who finds the most items wins.

"Make a Sail"

Material: images of ships whose sails are indicated only by the outline of various geometric shapes of different sizes, a set of geometric shapes corresponding in shape to the “sails”. Procedure: each child receives a picture of a ship; he must “raise the sails” as quickly as possible - cover the contours with model figures.

Logical exercises: “What’s missing?”, “What’s changed?”, “What’s superfluous?”, “What’s missing?”

Senior preschool age

"Make a Sail"

Logical exercises: “What’s missing?”, “What’s changed?”, “What’s superfluous?”, “What’s missing?”

Exercises aimed at developing design skills.

These exercises develop the ability to analyze a sample based on identifying its component parts, and the ability to synthesize parts into a holistic image.
Design exercises without a sample develop memory, imagination, forecasting and planning skills.
Transformational tasks promote the development of variability of thinking.

1 subgroup.
Exercises on breaking geometric shapes into parts that are geometric shapes by bending, cutting, and lines.

Divide the square into two rectangles, two triangles, four squares, four triangles, four rectangles.
Divide the figure with one line into three triangles, two triangles, one triangle and one quadrilateral, two triangles and a hexagon, a pentagon and a triangle:

Draw a segment in each figure so that one of the parts is a square:

How to make a hexagon from a triangle?
Divide the square into four parts so that you can form a triangle from them.

2nd subgroup.
Exercises on composing geometric shapes from parts.

Puzzles such as “TANGRAM”, “MAGIC CIRCLE”, “PYTHAGORUS PUZZLE”, “SPHINX”, “PENTAMINO”, etc.
Folding geometric shapes from sticks, for example, fold two triangles from 5 sticks.
Composing figures from other geometric figures: a triangle from 2 triangles, from 6 triangles; a rectangle made of 2 triangles, 2 rectangles, 2 squares, 4 triangles, 3 rectangles, etc.
What shapes can be made from 4 squares? 2 triangles? 2 triangles and one square?
What shapes can be used to make a rectangle?

Draw a rectangle:

3 subgroup.
Exercises on transforming geometric shapes according to a given condition.

Transformation exercises with sticks: remove or rearrange a certain number of sticks to form a given figure or image.
The square is cut into 4 triangles along the diagonals. It is necessary to rearrange the parts so that you get two identical squares, one triangle, two squares - one inside the other.

“Cut pictures”, “Mosaic”, “Fold the teapot”

For these games and competitions, any pictures that are accessible to children, cut into 2-10 parts, are suitable. Task: put together a picture; you can offer the kids a sample.

"Divide and fold."

An image is presented, which must be mentally divided into two parts (mentally draw a line) and mentally fold them into a square.

III
group. Exercises aimed at developing the ability to identify elements and properties of geometric shapes.

Exercises promote conscious identification of elements of figures.
Helps to understand the connections between the number of elements of figures and their names.
They help to identify some essential properties of geometric shapes.

What is the name of a figure that has 5 corners? 6? 7? 8?
Draw the figure with the smallest number of angles (with the most angles).
How many different shapes with 4 corners can you draw?
How many sticks will it take to form a pentagon?
Game “Get to know me”: “I have no angles, but I am not a circle”, “I am a quadrilateral, but not all sides are equal.”
Is it possible to construct a triangle with one right angle? What about two? With three? (the same about the quadrilateral).
Find all the triangles:

Give each figure a name.
Circle the sides and vertices with different colors.

Didactic games.

"Circle exactly"

The child is asked to draw some geometric figure in cells, for example, a rectangle with sides of 6 and 3 cells. Then place another pencil at the upper left vertex, close your eyes and try to outline the figure with a different color exactly along the contour.

"Figure within a figure."

The child, under dictation, draws figures inside each other (4-7), then covers them with a sheet or turns them over and reconstructs the picture from memory.

"Target Shooting"

Material: a set of geometric shapes that can be fixed on the wall (circles, ovals, different types of polygons), you can draw them on the wall while walking; ball - “snowball”. Progress: children play in pairs or teams, taking turns throwing the ball at targets - geometric shapes. The winner is the one who scores the most points in a certain number of throws. The number of points for one throw depends on the number of angles in the geometric figure, for example, hitting a pentagon brings the player 5 points. If a player hits a figure without corners (circle, oval), then 2-5 points are deducted from him (depending on the established rule).

“Find what I say”, “Find by description”

Material: different geometric shapes (depending on age group). Progress: the teacher names the signs of geometric shapes, and the children find them in the set. For example: “Find a large, red figure, which has 4 corners and sides of all different lengths. What is it called? At an older age, children are encouraged to make these kinds of riddles themselves.

IV
group. Exercises aimed at developing the ability to identify features of the relative arrangement of geometric figures.

Games and exercises develop the ability to identify spatial relationships between geometric figures on a plane: to the left, in front, between, inside, intersect.
First, children analyze the finished version of the arrangement of geometric shapes.
Then the children independently arrange the geometric shapes according to the instructions, according to the idea.

Exercises.

How many triangles are there inside a circle? Outside the circle? How many triangles intersect a circle?

Draw a triangle, a square and a circle so that the square is inside the triangle and the circle is outside the triangle (right, left).
What shapes are inside another shape? Abroad? Intersecting?

Draw a circle and a square so that the circle is part of the square; a square is part of a circle; so that they do not have common points.
What shape can be obtained when a triangle and a rectangle intersect?
Draw two triangles so that their intersection is a point (segment, triangle, quadrilateral).
Draw from the description: “There was a big white house. Its roof was triangular and brown. The two large windows were rectangular and green, and the small window on the roof was yellow and round. His door was square and brown.”

Didactic games.

“What has changed in the arrangement of the figures?”
“Aliens”
Material: images of planets of different shapes, sets of the same geometric shapes of different colors and sizes. Progress: funny aliens live on mysterious planets that are shaped like geometric shapes. Their body parts have the same shape as the shape of their planets. What creatures can live on planets? Children make alien figures at speed (originality).

“Let’s decorate the mittens”, “Let’s decorate the scarf”, “Rug”, “Ornament”, “Let’s decorate the napkin”

Using a set of geometric shapes of different shapes, colors, sizes, children create patterns according to the model, continue the pattern started by the teacher, and come up with their own patterns.

"Visual dictation"

Materials: sets of geometric shapes, blank cards, cards with geometric shapes. Progress: children receive blank cards with sets of geometric shapes. The teacher shows a jacket with a geometric pattern, which the children lay out on their blank cards. Options: children lay out a pattern according to the sample; Children are shown the pattern for a few seconds and then they reconstruct it from memory.

V
group. Exercises aimed at developing intellectual operations and logical thinking.

In these exercises, children learn to carry out elementary analysis, comparison, generalization, classification by properties and relationships between geometric figures.

Exercises.