Teacher’s speech culture: requirements and development of professional activity

What is speech culture

Culture refers to the mastery of oral and written language. The development of a teacher’s speech culture, in addition to language norms, includes non-normative speech behavior, the use of jargon or unpleasant neologisms. At the same time, low culture is revealed.

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The norms of the language are gradually changing, new words are being added that were previously incomprehensible. Culture and attitudes change under the influence of the media, society, and media personalities.

The teacher’s speech culture should not be distorted under the influence of modern realities. Much attention is paid to this during professional training. A person working with children must become familiar with the norms of literary language and oratory techniques. Be able to find a common language with the team and children.

Speech culture of a preschool teacher.

“YOUR SUCCESS IS YOUR SPEECH!”

Part I.

Requirements for the quality of speech of a preschool teacher

It is no coincidence that it is believed that a person’s speech is his calling card, since his success not only in everyday communication, but also in professional activities depends on how competently he expresses himself. This statement is especially relevant in relation to the speech of a teacher working with preschool children.

Reading an excerpt from a story

Mikhail Zoshchenko “Monkey tongue”

This Russian language is difficult, dear citizens! The trouble is, what a difficult one.

The main reason is that there are too many foreign words in it. Well, take French speech. Everything is good and clear. Keskose, merci, comsi - all, please note, purely French, natural, understandable words.

Come on, come on now with the Russian phrase - trouble. The whole speech is peppered with words with a foreign, vague meaning.

This makes speech difficult, breathing is impaired and nerves fray.

I heard a conversation the other day. There was a meeting. My neighbors started talking.

It was a very smart and intelligent conversation, but I, a person without a higher education, had difficulty understanding their conversation and flapped my ears.

The matter began with trifles.

My neighbor, not yet an old man with a beard, leaned over to his neighbor on the left and politely asked:

- What, comrade, will this be a plenary meeting or what?

“Plenary,” the neighbor answered casually.

“Look,” the first one was surprised, “that’s why I’m looking, what is it?” As if it were plenary.

“Yes, be calm,” the second one answered sternly. “Today it’s very plenary and the quorum has reached such a level - just hold on.”

- Yah? — asked the neighbor. “Have we really reached a quorum?”

“By God,” said the second.

- And what is this quorum?

“Nothing,” the neighbor answered, somewhat confused. “I got there, and that’s it.”

“Just tell me,” the first neighbor shook his head sadly. “Why would it be him, huh?”

The second neighbor spread his hands and looked sternly at his interlocutor, then added with a soft smile:

“You, comrade, probably don’t approve of these plenary sessions.” But somehow they are closer to me. Everything somehow, you know, comes out in them minimally to the essence of the day. Although I will say frankly that lately I have been quite permanent about these meetings. So, you know, the industry is going from empty to empty.

“This is not always the case,” the first objected. “If, of course, you look at it from the point of view.” To enter, so to speak, into the point of view and from the point of view, then yes - the industry specifically.

“Specifically, in fact,” the second one sternly corrected.

“Perhaps,” the interlocutor agreed. “I admit that too.” Specifically in fact. Although as when.

“Always,” the second one cut short. “Always, dear comrade.” Especially if after the speeches the subsection is brewing minimally. Discussions and shouting will not end then.

A man walked up to the podium and waved his hand. Everything fell silent. Only my neighbors, somewhat heated by the argument, did not immediately fall silent. The first neighbor could not come to terms with the fact that the subsection was welded minimally. It seemed to him that the subsection was brewed a little differently.

They shushed my neighbors. The neighbors shrugged their shoulders and fell silent. Then the first neighbor leaned over to the second again and quietly asked:

- Who is this guy who came out there?

- This? Yes, this is the presidium. A very sharp man. And the speaker is the first. He always speaks sharply on the essence of the day.

The speaker extended his hand forward and began speaking.

And when he uttered arrogant words with a foreign, vague meaning, my neighbors nodded their heads sternly. Moreover, the second neighbor looked sternly at the first, wanting to show that he was still right in the dispute that had just ended.

It is difficult, comrades, to speak Russian! 1925

Preschool age is a sensitive period for a child’s speech development, therefore one of the leading activities of a kindergarten teacher is the formation of oral speech and verbal communication skills, based on knowledge of the native literary language.

One of the main mechanisms for children to master their native language is imitation.

MM. Alekseeva notes that, imitating adults, the child adopts “not only all the subtleties of pronunciation, word usage, and phrase construction, but also those imperfections and errors that are found in their speech.”

That is why high demands are placed on the speech of a teacher in a preschool educational institution today, and the problem of improving the teacher’s speech culture is considered in the context of improving the quality of preschool education.

The quality of speech development of a preschooler depends on the quality of speech of teachers and on the speech environment that they create in a preschool educational institution.

Researchers such as A.I. Maksakov, E.I. Tikheyeva, E.A. Flerin, paid special attention to the creation of a developmental speech environment in kindergarten as a factor in the development of children’s speech. In their opinion, preschool workers should be charged with creating an environment in which “children’s speech could develop correctly and unhindered.”

In modern studies of the problems of improving the teacher’s speech culture, the components of his professional speech and the requirements for it are highlighted.

The components of a teacher’s professional speech include :

quality of language design of speech;

value and personal attitudes of the teacher;

communicative competence;

clear selection of information to create a statement;

orientation towards the process of direct communication.

Among the requirements for the speech of a preschool teacher are:

Correctness – compliance of speech with language norms. The teacher needs to know and follow the basic norms of the Russian language when communicating with children: orthoepic norms (rules of literary pronunciation), as well as norms for the formation and modification of words.

Accuracy is the correspondence between the semantic content of speech and the information that underlies it. The teacher should pay special attention to the semantic (notional) side of speech, which contributes to the development of children's skills of accurate word use.

Logicity is the expression in semantic connections of the components of speech and the relationships between the parts and components of thought. The teacher should take into account that it is in preschool age that ideas about the structural components of a coherent utterance are laid down, and the skills of using various methods of intratextual communication are formed.

Purity is the absence in speech of elements alien to the literary language. Elimination of non-literary vocabulary is one of the tasks of speech development in preschool children. When solving this problem, taking into account the leading mechanism of speech development of preschool children (imitation), the teacher needs to take care of the purity of his own speech: the use of filler words, dialect and slang words is unacceptable.

Expressiveness is a feature of speech that captures attention and creates an atmosphere of emotional empathy. The expressiveness of a teacher’s speech is a powerful tool for influencing a child. The teacher’s mastery of various means of expressive speech (intonation, tempo of speech, strength, pitch of voice, etc.) contributes not only to the formation of the arbitrary expressiveness of a child’s speech, but also to a more complete awareness of the content of an adult’s speech, and the formation of the ability to express his attitude to the subject of conversation.

Richness is the ability to use all linguistic units in order to optimally express information. The teacher should take into account that in preschool age the foundations of the child’s vocabulary are formed, therefore the rich vocabulary of the teacher himself not only helps to expand the child’s vocabulary, but also helps to develop his skills in the accuracy of word use, expressiveness and figurative speech.

Relevance is the use in speech of units that correspond to the situation and conditions of communication. The appropriateness of a teacher’s speech presupposes, first of all, having a sense of style. Taking into account the specifics of preschool age aims the teacher at developing a culture of speech behavior in children (communication skills, the ability to use various formulas of speech etiquette, focus on the communication situation, the interlocutor, etc.).

Of course, the teacher of a preschool educational institution’s knowledge of these requirements, their compliance and constant improvement of the quality of his speech is the key to the success of work on the speech development of children in preschool educational institutions.

What is speech culture?

First of all, this is the degree of proficiency in language norms (in the field of pronunciation, stress, word usage and grammar) as well as the ability to use all expressive means of language in different conditions of communication (communication) and in accordance with the goals set in the content of statements.

In addition, the culture of speech is a special linguistic discipline aimed at studying and improving the literary language as an instrument of national culture, the guardian of the spiritual wealth of the people.

Cultural speech is an essential element of a person’s general culture.

Part II.

Workshop “Test your literacy.”

The form of organization of teachers is small groups of 3-4 people.

Correct speech is the foundation of linguistic culture; without it there is and cannot be either literary artistic mastery or the art of the living and written word.

2.1 Grammatical correctness (green paper)

Conjugate the verbs: run, want.

In what case is the form of the verb run used?

Form the imperative form of the verbs:

Go – go (those); run - run(those); wave – wave (those), wave (those); sit down - sit down (those); lie down - lie down (those).

Determine the gender of nouns and use the word in the correct form:

The windows are curtained (tulle)

Face hidden (veil)

The roof is being covered (tar paper)

Wash my hair (shampoo)

Head covered (shawl)

Complete the sentences using the noun in the correct form:

I stood up, taking the child off my lap.

There are a lot of (apple trees), (cherries), (currants) in the garden.

The flu quarantine lasted 22 (days).

I bought all the gardening tools except (rakes).

2.2 Orthoepic correctness (blue paper)

Place the emphasis and read the words: calling, more beautiful, pampering, pampering, spoiled, thinking, expert, money, plum, beets, cottage cheese, provision.
Correctly use words in the genitive singular: bandage, pancake, cake, bow, goose.
Correctly use words in the accusative case singular: board, river, cheek, beard, wall, harrow.

2.3. Vocabulary (pink paper)

Correct sentence:

He is a complete ignoramus in matters of art.

The boy put on his coat and hat and went for a walk.

Kolya is the leading leader of our group.

When I returned back to my friends, everyone was very happy.

The conversation with the children came to its final end.

All children completed the assigned task on time.

The doctor prescribed medicine for the children.

Synonymy. Explain the meanings of words. Make sentences with each of the words.

Old Ancient Old Old Ancient.

Having cited this series of synonyms-adjectives, the writer D.I. Fonvizin explained the semantic difference between them: “Old is what was new a long time ago; something that has been going on for a long time is called ancient. Something that has passed a long time is long ago. In the present usage, dilapidated is something that has decayed or collapsed due to old age. What is ancient is what happened in the most distant centuries.” To illustrate these meanings, D.I. Fonvizin gives the following continuation: “An old man usually likes to remember ancient incidents and talk about ancient customs; and if he is stingy, then you will find a lot of old things in his chests. There are as many of these examples now as there were in ancient times.”

So, the words included in the synonymous row mean approximately the same thing and at the same time not the same thing; they contain a common meaning for them, but different shades of it. It is the latter that play a role when using synonyms: they resemble the shades of paint in an artist, the nuances of sounds in a musician.

2.4. Spelling.

Vocabulary dictation: plasticine, art, applique, feel, charm, participate, safe, association, retelling, storytelling

Part III.

Sayings of great people about speech (yellow paper).

“The word is one of man’s greatest weapons. Powerless in itself, it becomes powerful and irresistible when said skillfully, sincerely and on time” (A.F. Koni).

Tell me the word and I will tell you who you are! Socrates.

There are people who speak beautifully, but write far from it. This is because the place, the listener, etc. heats them up and draws out more from their minds than they could give without that heat. B. Pascal

Those who claim that they have a lot of thoughts in their heads, but cannot express them due to lack of eloquence, have not learned to understand themselves. M. Montaigne

Who among us doesn’t want to learn how to speak eloquently and convincingly! After all, the word accompanies us everywhere, and our language is a sign of intelligence or stupidity. Every intellectual profession is a speech one, therefore “the path in any career is strewn with the flowers of eloquence” (A.P. Chekhov).

He who keeps his mouth and his tongue keeps his soul from troubles.

From the Book of Solomon's Proverbs

Those who cannot speak will not make a career. Napoleon

Reflection. “Unfinished sentence” technique.

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Aspects of a teacher’s professional language

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The culture of professional speech of a teacher is built on three aspects:

normative;
communicative;
ethical.

Normative involves familiarity with the literary norms of the Russian language. It is important to use them correctly when speaking. A teacher is a person who needs to establish contact with students, sometimes with their parents. Knowing the normative aspect does not solve this problem. When communicating, you need to take into account the age, mood, and interests of the interlocutor. Correctly chosen words and the use of linguistic means are called communicative aspects.

The ethical aspect includes compliance with the rules of behavior, respect for the listener, tactfulness, goodwill and delicacy in communication. Compliance with etiquette allows you to determine the level of a person’s education.

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Determining the three components of a teacher’s speech culture and the ability to use them during a conversation allows you to establish contact when communicating with other people. Culture refers to the knowledge and skills that a person uses when communicating with others.

Requirements for the speech of a kindergarten teacher

Components of professional speech of a preschool teacher

The importance of speech culture for a kindergarten teacher

The quality of speech development of a preschooler depends on the quality of speech of teachers and on the speech environment that they create in a preschool educational institution.

In modern studies of the problems of improving the teacher’s speech culture, the components of his professional speech and the requirements for it are highlighted.

The components of a teacher’s professional speech include:

quality of language design of speech;

value and personal attitudes of the teacher;

communicative competence;

clear selection of information to create a statement;

orientation towards the process of direct communication.

Among the requirements for the speech of a preschool teacher are:

Accuracy is the correspondence between the semantic content of speech and the information that underlies it.

Logicity is the expression in semantic connections of the components of speech and the relationships between the parts and components of thought.

Purity is the absence in speech of elements alien to the literary language. Elimination of non-literary vocabulary is one of the tasks of speech development in preschool children.

When solving this problem, taking into account the leading mechanism of speech development of preschool children (imitation), the teacher needs to take care of the purity of his own speech: the use of filler words, dialect and slang words is unacceptable.

It must be remembered that expanding children's vocabulary is not achieved only by mechanical memorization of words. It is necessary to help the child understand the meaning of a new word, teach him to use the word in the process of storytelling, in communication with others, through his own speech.

Having developed speech , a child will be more ready for school. The knowledge passed on to him by teachers will be easier to perceive, and there will be fewer problems when communicating with peers and answering at the board.

The above requirements include the correct use of non-verbal means of communication by the teacher, his ability not only to speak with the child, but also to hear him.

Along with the requirements for the teacher's speech, it is necessary to say about the requirements of the teacher for children .

1. The teacher must not only give a speech sample to the children, but also check how the children have mastered it.

2. It is necessary to cultivate in children an interest in the ability to speak correctly (using incentives, an example of well-speaking children).

3. It is necessary to systematically monitor children’s speech, listen to how children speak, and correct mistakes in a timely manner.

Serious attention should be paid to children’s speech both in everyday life and in the classroom.

In all classes in kindergarten, teachers widely use questions as a method of teaching children. A question from a teacher is a very effective method of teaching children to think and speak, since a question directs attention, stimulates thought, teaches precision in listening, and activates speech.

In order for questions to fulfill their purpose, they must satisfy certain requirements:

The first requirement is that the question must have a certain content . In the practice of conducting classes, unnecessary questions are often asked that are unnecessary for the intended program content, and sometimes even empty and even meaningless questions.

The second requirement for the question is accuracy and specificity .

The accessibility of a question also depends on its wording.

Careless, incorrect construction of the question makes it difficult to understand. The brevity of the formulation is of great importance for the clarity of understanding of the issue. Striving for accuracy and brevity, some teachers go to the other extreme: excessive brevity also makes the question incomprehensible.

A very important requirement is purposefulness and consistency in asking questions to children.

The teacher must remember that the purpose of asking questions is for children to assimilate the intended program material . Therefore, questions should be asked not about everything that can be said on a given topic, but about the main, most important thing. Questions should be targeted. This purposefulness of the questions also determines their sequence.

Thus, the main requirements for the question as a teaching method come down to the following: attention to the semantic meaning of the question, to accuracy, brevity and correctness of formulation; the question must be understandable to children and targeted; It is necessary to maintain consistency in asking questions.

Levels of culture

Two levels of speech culture are defined:

basic - a person knows the norms of the language, does not make gross mistakes, puts stress correctly, inflects words;
the highest is the ability to use expressive words and phrases when speaking, to bring communication to the goal.

The requirements for a teacher’s speech culture are quite high. In addition to correctly constructed sentences, the teacher must have a large vocabulary. To develop lexical knowledge, you need to read a lot of works of various formats. It is important to highlight new words, interesting phrases and use them in the future. This requires constant training in oral and written speech.

Communication with different people allows you to engage in interesting topics of conversation. It is necessary to maintain a culture of speech, be attentive and polite to your interlocutor, and talk on any topic. The high culture of the language makes communication easy and relaxed. Properly constructed phrases help you express your opinion without hurting the feelings of your interlocutor.

The basis of cultural speech is the spiritual basis of the ancestors, who created the language and gave it a special sound. But the wealth of words appeared thanks to the traditions of the peoples to whom it belongs.

Beautiful, well-chosen words have a significant impact on students. Therefore, the teacher’s speech culture is so important for the spiritual enrichment of students and finding a common language with them.

Speech quality

The level of speech culture refers to the quality of speech. There is a distinction between personal culture and society culture. The culture of speech in the professional activity of a teacher is individual. It consists of a person’s erudition and ability to translate knowledge into words. Correct use of the tongue indicates a sense of style and taste.

Speech is influenced by society. The teacher collects, remembers and uses the best examples of speech patterns in the conversation. Knowledge is drawn from classical and modern works that comply with the norms of the literary language.

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The culture of speech of teachers, its elements are made up of components: speech etiquette, language norms, standards, style, types and forms of speech. Successful mastery of all components is called communicative competence.

Requirements for speech culture

Requirements for the speech of a preschool teacher.

Cultural speech is an essential element of a person’s general culture. It is no coincidence that it is believed that a person’s speech is his calling card, since his success not only in everyday communication, but also in professional activities depends on how competently a person expresses himself. This statement is especially relevant in relation to the speech of a preschool teacher working with preschool children.

The teacher’s speech must strictly correspond in content to the age of the children at whom it is directed, their development, stock of ideas about the environment, and be based on their experience.

The teacher must possess methodological skills, know the techniques necessary to exert an appropriate influence on children’s speech, and be able to apply them in all cases of communication with preschoolers and other people.

Among the requirements for the speech of a preschool teacher

highlight:

Accuracy

— correspondence between the semantic content of speech and the information that underlies it. The teacher should pay special attention to the semantic (notional) side of speech, which contributes to the development of children's skills of accurate word use.

Logic -

expression in semantic connections of speech components and relationships between parts and components of thought. The teacher should take into account that it is in preschool age that ideas about the structural components of a coherent utterance are laid down, and the skills of using various methods within text communication are formed.

Relevance-

the use in speech of units that correspond to the situation and conditions of communication. The appropriateness of a teacher’s speech presupposes, first of all, having a sense of style. Taking into account the specifics of preschool age aims the teacher at developing a culture of speech behavior in children (communication skills, the ability to use speech etiquette, focus on the communication situation, etc.).

Expressiveness -

a feature of speech that captures attention and creates an atmosphere of emotional empathy. The expressiveness of a teacher’s speech is a powerful tool for influencing a child. The teacher’s mastery of various means of expressiveness (intonation, rate of speech, strength, pitch of voice, etc.) contributes not only to the formation of the arbitrary expressiveness of the child’s speech, but also to a more complete awareness of the content of the adult’s speech, and the formation of the ability to express his attitude to the subject of conversation.

Wealth -

the ability to use all language units in order to optimally express information. The teacher should take into account that in preschool age the foundations of the child’s vocabulary are formed, therefore the rich vocabulary of the teacher himself not only helps to expand the child’s vocabulary, but also helps to develop his skills in the accuracy of word use, expressiveness and figurative speech.

Correctness -

compliance of speech with language norms. The teacher needs to know and follow the basic norms of the Russian language when communicating with children: orthoepic norms (rules of literary pronunciation), as well as norms for the formation and modification of words.

Purity

- the absence in speech of elements alien to the literary language. Elimination of non-literary vocabulary is one of the tasks of speech development in preschool children. When solving this problem, the teacher needs to take care of the purity of his own speech: the use of filler words, dialect and slang words is unacceptable.

The above requirements include the correct use of non-verbal means of communication by the teacher, his ability not only to speak with the child, but also to hear him.

Of course, knowledge of these requirements, compliance with them and constant improvement of one’s speech is the key to the success of a teacher’s work on the speech development of children in preschool educational institutions.

Teacher's speech

The teacher’s speech culture is assessed by the ability to perceive information and understand the interlocutor. It is necessary to choose the right attitude towards the interlocutor and act according to the situation.

A specific feature of the work of a teacher and educator is daily communication with a large number of people. The age of the interlocutors may vary. The teacher’s task is to shape the teenager’s personality and help in difficult situations. Intellectual development and the formation of rules of behavior in society rest on the shoulders of the teacher. To implement this, you must have knowledge of psychology and professional communication skills.

Speech is the main tool for influencing the student. A word can change a person’s thoughts and actions. To convey information to the interlocutor, it is necessary to use language correctly, consistently express thoughts, predict a person’s reaction to words, have a good memory, behave politely, be intellectually developed and erudite.

The teacher's voice must be developed. Good diction and articulation are the basis of competent presentation of information. The use of synonyms improves the quality of speech. Intonation helps convey the mood and attitude to the situation. In a teacher’s conversation, it is unacceptable to use parasitic words, draw out words, or add vague sounds. Pronunciation of jargon and templates impairs perception.

Basic requirements for a teacher’s speech in the process of communicating with children in a preschool educational institution.

Sharenko Vera Alexandrovna.

MBDOU "Children's salo "Varenka" in the city of Abakan, Republic of Khakassia.

Senior group teacher.

Basic requirements for a teacher’s speech in the process of communicating with children in a preschool educational institution.

The speech of the teacher, who is constantly in the field of view of the children, in communication with them, is the main source from which children receive a sample of their native language, cultural speech, therefore it must not only be correct, with a clear and distinct pronunciation of all the sounds of their native language, but and maintained at a certain tempo, volume, must be intonationally expressive, correctly grammatically formatted, coherent, understandable, with the correct and accurate use of verbal notations.

The teacher must be self-critical of his speech and adhere to literary norms of pronunciation. In speech you can express the subtlest shades of feelings and thoughts. This is achieved through the use of intonation means of expressiveness: voice strength, logical stress, tempo, pauses, rhythm, timbre, melody. Monotonous speech tires young listeners. The teacher’s speech should be emotionally rich, loud enough and leisurely.

A story read by a teacher using expressive means will arouse children’s interest, make them empathize, feel the power of words, and remember the content for a long time; the same story, read dryly, at a fast pace, without emotion, can only cause boredom and indifference to the work of art.

The voice is a teacher’s professional instrument, and it must be used correctly and protected from overload. If the situation requires a significant increase in the volume of speech, this does not mean that it is necessary to make him scream. You should, by slightly increasing the volume, pronounce the words more clearly, while slowing down the pace of speech.

Children learn from adults not only to pronounce sounds and words correctly, but also to clearly retell the content of fairy tales and stories, to consistently express their thoughts, and to draw conclusions.

The ability to convey to children this or that content conveyed in speech in a coherent, interesting, and accessible form is a necessary quality of a teacher’s speech.

Consistently expressing thoughts, the teacher should not clutter up his speech with incomprehensible words, complex phrases, or long phrases.

In addition, the teacher’s speech should be calm, always balanced, and polite not only towards children, but also towards all other kindergarten workers.

A serious attitude towards reading and constant work with a book will help you better understand the richness and diversity of your native language. Enrichment of the vocabulary is achieved through systematic reading of fiction, popular science, special and other literature. The enrichment of the teacher’s speech is facilitated by memorizing proverbs, sayings, catchphrases, and phraseological phrases.

Requirements for teacher speech

The teacher's speech should be simple and clear. Sentences are short and succinct. It is necessary to exclude difficult-to-understand phrases that do not make sense. Children must understand what the teacher says. The speech is appropriate to the child’s age and his idea of the world around him. At the same time, the child must develop. From simple sentences that are sufficient for a child, the teacher comes to words that are perceived by the pupil of the preparatory group, and then by the schoolchild.

Great demands are placed on the teacher's speech culture. Based on the teacher’s statements, students form an idea of the world and gain communication skills.

An experienced teacher should be familiar with the techniques that affect the child. Be able to apply skills with an interlocutor, regardless of age. Requirements for the teacher’s speech culture:

Logic. The teacher must correctly construct a sentence and convey information. At preschool age, a child learns to speak and convey ideas. The teacher has a significant influence on the formation of the child’s speech. During the school period, following logic helps students structure their knowledge and form a vocabulary.
Accuracy. The use of ambiguous sentences is unacceptable. Information should not be distorted. The teacher’s speech should be free of grammatical and semantic errors.
Relevance. A good quality of a teacher is a sense of tact. Words must correspond to the situation and shape the behavior of students.
Expressiveness. A teacher who knows how to attract a child and hold his attention is valued by children and parents. Students will not hear a monologue without intonation. It is necessary to emphasize the main points during a conversation.
The richness of the teacher’s speech forms high-quality communication between students.
Right. Sentences must be constructed in accordance with the norms of the language.
Purity. When communicating with children, it is unacceptable to use filler words and jargon. The teacher’s speech should be free of non-literary vocabulary.

The ability of a teacher not only to speak, but also to hear the student is the key to successful work with children.

Requirements for the quality of speech of a kindergarten teacher

Consultation for teachers of preschool educational institutions “Requirements for the quality of teacher speech.”
Author: Natalya Aleksandrovna Rogaleva, speech therapist. Place of work: MBDOU “Kindergarten “Masterok”, Abakan city. Goal: developing the competence of teachers in the requirements for the quality of speech of educators. A mandatory element of a person’s general culture is cultural speech. A person’s speech is his calling card, since his success not only in everyday communication, but also in professional activities depends on how competently he expresses himself. This statement is especially relevant in relation to the speech of a teacher working with preschool children. Cultural and methodological requirements for the teacher’s speech: strict compliance of the content of the teacher’s speech with the age of the children, their development, stock of ideas, based on their experience; teachers' possession of methodological skills, knowledge of the techniques necessary to exert an appropriate influence on children's speech, and the ability to apply them in all cases of communication with preschoolers, etc. Children learn to speak through hearing and the ability to imitate. Preschoolers say what they hear, since the internal mechanisms of speech are formed in a child only under the influence of systematically organized speech of adults. One of the main mechanisms for children to master their native language is imitation. That is why high demands are placed on the speech of a teacher in a preschool educational institution today, and the problem of improving the teacher’s speech culture is considered in the context of improving the quality of preschool education. Among the requirements for the speech of a preschool teacher are: • Correctness – compliance of speech with language norms. • Accuracy – correspondence between the semantic content of speech and the information that underlies it. • Logicity – expression in semantic connections of the components of speech and relationships between the parts and components of thought. • Cleanliness – elimination of non-literary vocabulary: the use of filler words, dialect and slang words is unacceptable. • Expressiveness is a feature of speech that captures attention and creates an atmosphere of emotional empathy (intonation, rate of speech, strength, pitch of voice). • Richness – the ability to use all linguistic units in order to optimally express information. • Relevance - the use in speech of units that correspond to the situation and conditions of communication. Taking into account the specifics of preschool age aims the teacher at developing a culture of speech behavior in children. The above requirements include the correct use of non-verbal means of communication by the teacher, his ability not only to speak with the child, but also to hear him. How can you ensure that your speech is expressive? Work on speech breathing and speech coherence. Speech breathing is different from ordinary vital breathing. The most correct way for speech is diaphragmatic-costal breathing, when inhalation and exhalation are performed with the participation of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. When you inhale, the abdominal wall rises and the lower part of the chest expands. When you exhale, the abdominal and chest muscles contract. The inhale when speaking is short and light. Exhalation is long and smooth. Breathing should be easy and natural. Breathing development exercises: Initially, work is carried out on the development of long exhalation without the participation of speech. At the same time, it is important to ensure that the shoulders do not rise and that the muscles of the respiratory apparatus are not overstrained, so that the exhalation is smooth, gradual, and long. a) Sawing wood - you need to stand opposite each other in pairs, hold hands and imitate sawing wood: hands towards you - inhale, hands away from you - exhale. b) Warm up in the cold - inhale through the nose and blow on “chilled hands,” exhaling smoothly through the mouth, as if warming the hands. d) Blow out a candle, roll a pencil, blow on a turntable, blow up balloons, soap bubbles. After a smooth long exhalation has been formed, voice exercises are introduced: a) Echo - divided into two groups, one group is echo. The first group makes some sounds: a, u, o, the other quietly repeats. b) Blizzard - the plot picture “Blizzard” in front of the children. At the signal “The blizzard has begun”, the children hum quietly: oo-oo-oo... At the signal “Strong blizzard”, the children say loudly: oo-oo-oo... At the signal: The blizzard subsides - the children gradually reduce the strength of their voices. The blizzard is over - they fall silent. Strengthening correct breathing during speech. In order to develop speech breathing on a long, smooth exhalation, you can give special speech exercises: a) Flowers - place a bouquet of familiar flowers in a vase and name them. Then, one by one, they take out a flower, smell it, and pronounce the given phrase with one exhalation. The phrases gradually become more complex. For example: It smells good. Rose smells good. Rose smells very good. To develop and consolidate correct speech exhalation, you can use short poems by Alexandrova, Marshak, Barto. In this case, they first memorize the poem, and then take turns pronouncing one line of the poem on one exhalation. Working on the voice The main properties of the voice are: timbre, height, strength (loudness), flight. Timbre is the emotional coloring of a statement, expressing various feelings and giving speech various shades: surprise, sadness, joy. Exercises: 1) Say the interjection “O” with different intonations: surprised, happy, dissatisfied, scared. 2) Pronouncing words, expressing different feelings: open the door! - angry, tragic, sad, joyful, cheerful, irritated. 3) Read the poem in a different tone so that it becomes clear how the boy, his aunt, mother, and sister feel about football. Aunt said: -Football! (with disdain). Mom said: “Ugh, football!” (with disgust). My sister said: “Well, football!” (disappointed). And I answered: Wow, football! (enthusiastically). Voice pitch. Voices are naturally high, medium and low. Depending on the pitch of the sound, types of singing voices are distinguished. For men - bass, baritone, tenor; for women - contralto, mezzo-soprano, soprano; for children - alto, treble. Your natural voice fits one of these types. Each person can change the pitch of their voice. It is customary to distinguish between three registers (upper, middle and lower). Each voice is characterized by a certain range. To prevent the voice from becoming monotonous, it is necessary to expand the pitch range. Games and exercises to expand the range of sounds: 1. Say the sound U, imitating an ocean liner (low sound) and a small steamboat (high sound). 2.Pronounce the sound Zh with varying degrees of height, imitating the buzzing of a large bumblebee (low) and a small bee (high). 3. Remember what they said in the fairy tale “The Three Bears” - Mikhailo Ivanovich, Nastasya Petrovna and Mishutka. Say the phrase: “Who was sitting in my chair?” (high, medium, low). It is necessary to practice pronouncing phrases with the intonation of a statement, a question, an exclamation. It is necessary to expand the sound-pitch range in order to correctly pronounce proverbs and correctly ask riddles. Volume (voice strength). Volume is the controlled quality of the voice. It can and should be changed depending on various circumstances of communication. Flexible change in voice volume is a means of achieving expressiveness of speech and its diversity. The choice of one or another level of volume depends primarily on the communication situation (where you are talking, with whom, at what distance), on the purpose for which people enter into communication (if your goal is a confidential conversation, consolation, sympathy, then the speech will be quiet ), depends on the content of the speech (when talking about thunderstorms, military operations, etc., the volume is increased). Exercises for choosing an adequate volume: 1. “Hoot.” Imagine that you are lost in the forest. You stand and shout: AU-AU! You need to pronounce sounds quietly first, then louder, and then even louder. The more steps you master, the more volume you have. 2. The whistle of the locomotive: ooh (quietly, louder, louder). 3. “Field of Miracles”, Imagine that you are on the program “Field of Miracles” and you are asked to say: Commercial break! (Quiet, louder, louder). 4. Read the poem expressively: Silence. There was Silence, silence, silence... (Very quietly, almost in a whisper). Suddenly there was a roar of thunder! (Very loud). And now it’s raining quietly - you hear (quietly). It started creeping, creeping, creeping across the roof... (louder). He'll probably start drumming now (even louder). It's already drumming! It's already drumming! (loud). Voice flight is the ability of a voice to be heard over long distances with minimal effort from the speaker or singer. To give your voice flight, you need to: 1) Take the correct posture (straighten your shoulders, lift your chin), 2) Send the sound just above the listeners’ heads, as if diagonally upward. 3) Say the words loudly, stretching out the vowels, with a wide breath, very accurately collecting the sound on the lips. First, you can bring your cupped palms to your lips. Exercise: Stand in front of the group. Say "Aw" or "Fire". Imagine that the word seems to be flying diagonally, like a launched ball. Pronounce the words loudly, stretching out the vowels. Working on rhythm. The rhythm of speech is a uniform alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables, varying in duration and voice strength. This orderliness of speech makes speech melodic and musical. A clear rhythm is characteristic primarily of poetic speech. The rhythm can be different: fast, rapid and slow, smooth; tense, emotionally excited and calm, unhurried; chased, energetic as in a march, and flying, gliding, as in a waltz; monotonous and cheerful, lively, expressive. The rhythm is not chosen by the author of a work of art by chance. It depends on the content of the text, the nature of the events and characters depicted, and the author’s intention. Exercises to improve the sense of rhythm: 1. You are drummers. Beat out a marching march with a stick in the following rhythm. 2. You are a conductor. We pronounce the poem with the movement of the hand (stressed sound - hand from top to bottom, unstressed sound - from left to right). 3. Counting rhymes have a good rhythm, with the help of which they determine who will be the driver in the game (for example: The Greek was driving across the river) - by imitation. 4. Reading poetry with beating a rhythm with your palm on the table, on your knees: A hedgehog walks with a drum, Boom-boom-boom! The hedgehog plays all day long, boom-boom-boom! Working on tempo. Tempo is the speed at which speech is delivered. It can be accelerated or slowed down depending on the content and emotional coloring of the statement. To emphasize the semantic parts of a statement, as well as to separate one statement from another, pauses and stops are used in the flow of speech. In children's speech, pauses are often observed due to the immaturity of speech breathing and the child's inability to distribute speech exhalation in accordance with the length of the utterance. The pace can be fast, medium (moderate), slow. They differ in the length of the pauses. The choice of tempo is determined by: - the genre of the work, the content of the work (there are some passages that are read quickly or, for example, tongue twisters are always pronounced quickly), and the composition of the audience. Exercises to develop the ability to control the pace of speech: 1. Pronouncing the text with movements. 2. Pronouncing the text without moving. 3. Pronouncing tongue twisters at different paces - from slow to fast. Working on intonation Logical expressiveness is the most important condition for any type of speech. This includes: intonation - a set of sound elements of speech (includes melody (raising or lowering the voice, logical stress, pauses, tempo of speech, the main tone of the statement, rhythm). The melody of speech is the raising and lowering of the voice to express a statement, question, exclamation in a phrase Logical stress - highlighting the main meaning of the word in a phrase. The meaning of the phrase depends on the placement of logical stress, for example: Will you be at the theater today? Brother moved to a new apartment. Vera picked a lot of berries. (We pronounce sentences highlighting different words). Logical pauses - division phrases into meaningful segments. Each speech beat (syntagma) is separated from the other by stops of varying duration and fullness, which in texts often coincide with punctuation marks. If the pause is made incorrectly, the meaning of the statement can be distorted, and sometimes very significantly. Example: Execution cannot be pardoned. Games and exercises for highlighting pauses: 1. Absent-minded typesetter - one absent-minded typesetter typed a poem, what did he mess up? (Verse. B. Zakhoder) A very, very strange sight: The river outside the window is burning, Someone's house is wagging its tail, A dog is shooting from a gun, A boy almost ate a mouse, A cat with glasses is reading a book, An old grandfather flew into the window, A sparrow grabbed The grain will scream as it flies away: “That’s what a comma means!” (B. Zakhoder) 2. Depending on the location of the pause, the meaning of the statement changes. Pauses are indicated by a vertical line. What is the difference? How pleased he was with his friend's success! How pleased he was with his friend's success! Who is more correct? Pauses are often placed where there are punctuation marks in the written text - period, comma, dash, colon, semicolon. Read the sentences, pausing correctly. What, does it hurt? - What hurts? Well, shall we sing? - Well, what shall we sing? How did you finish? - How, did you finish? Working on diction. When expressively reading a literary text, good diction is important, i.e. clear, precise pronunciation of each sound. This way, the best speech audibility and understanding is achieved. This is especially important when working with preschoolers. Poor diction makes it difficult to listen, understand speech, and respond adequately to it. Check your pronunciation. To do this, record your speech on tape and listen to it several times. And then you yourself will decide what exercises are necessary to correct the shortcomings of your speech: “mumbling”, unclear pronunciation of some sound, “swallowing” the endings of words, etc. Consonants must be pronounced cleanly, easily, without excessive pressure, vowels - freely, vocally, loud enough. Proper emphasis of vowel sounds in speech makes it harmonious and pleasant to listen to. To improve diction, focusing on preschool listeners is of great importance: the desire to be understood by them, to interest them in the content of a literary work. It is necessary to remember: 1) The correct pronunciation of speech sounds depends on the work of the articulatory organs: lips, lower jaw, tongue, soft palate with a small tongue, larynx with vocal cords. Any violations of these organs will inevitably affect diction. Therefore, it is necessary to cure immediately any diseases of these organs. 2) Resonators of the chest cavity, larynx, pharynx, mouth, nasopharynx, and nose also participate in the formation of sounds. If one of the resonators is “closed” (for example, with a runny nose, breathing problems, etc.), the sound goes out, is distorted, becomes dull and unclear. To achieve clarity of pronunciation, it is necessary to develop the articulatory apparatus with the help of special exercises (articulatory gymnastics). Exercise 1. Say the proverbs, clearly highlighting each part. Then the task becomes more complicated: say the first part of the proverb loudly, the second quietly, then vice versa. As it comes back, so will it respond. Living with someone else's mind means no good. Don't have a hundred rubles, but have a hundred friends. Exercise 2. Imagine that you are playing the drum and your hands bounce easily with each stressed vowel in the word. A couple of drums, a couple of drums, A couple of drums, a couple of drums, A couple of drums, a couple of drums Beat, beat. Storm. The battle. (I. Selvinsky) Exercise 3. Practice the pronunciation of individual sounds by pronouncing tongue twisters and clearly highlighting the repeating sound. The saw squealed and the bee buzzed. Two woodcutters, two woodcutters, two wood splitters. Chitinka flows through Chita. Forty mice walked, carrying forty pennies, two smaller mice carried two pennies each. A good training for correct speech skills is reading poems that are characterized by internal and external organization. The strict alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables, the coordination of rhymed endings and the obligatory line pause give the verse verbal and musical organization: the speech is very rhythmic, melodic, each line leads to another line. When conducting classes with children, we must remember that a beautiful voice is one of the factors of a person’s attractiveness, one of his advantages. The sound of a voice can tell us a lot about its owner - about his character, thoughts, feelings, condition, attitude towards you. No wonder R.N. The proverb says: “Everyone will speak with his own voice.” We must remember this and work on the expressiveness of our speech and the speech of our children. Literature 1. Kalmykova I.R. "The Mysterious World of Sounds." Phonetic rhythm. 2. Methods of expressive reading, ed. Zavadskaya. 3. Rybnikov’s essays on the method of expressive reading. 4. Yazovitsky “Expressive reading as a means of aesthetic education.”

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Essay by a kindergarten teacher. My educational philosophy. Essay by a preschool teacher. My pedagogical philosophy Summary of joint activities with children in the younger group Consultation for preschool teachers. Games for literacy classes for preschoolers

Formation of the culture of future teachers

The development of linguistic culture is a fundamental point in the formation of a child’s personality. Education in modern society ceases to be part of culture. When training future teachers, a lot of time is devoted to this issue. A person’s internal culture forms high-quality speech.

Teachers are characterized by mastery of certain speech genres and determination of the audience of listeners. Communication becomes an important skill when working as a teacher. The concepts of “speech culture” and “correct speech” are not synonymous.

The main task of a teacher is to educate a cultured person. The younger generation must think quickly and be creative. The ability to find a common language with an interlocutor influences the success of the teacher and the team as a whole. The correct speech of a teacher indicates the state of modern education.

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The foundations of the technique and culture of teacher speech are laid in the learning process. Working in his profession, a teacher develops skills and improves his language. Educators have a responsibility to shape the culture of the next generation.

When developing communication skills, attention is paid to the following aspects:

Ability to make the right decision during a conversation. Quickly adapt to existing conditions.

Ability to construct a conversation correctly, according to communication standards. Avoid blunders.

Providing feedback.

Managing emotions.

Ability to initiate communication.

The skill of correctly presenting information.

Culture of an educational psychologist

The professionalism of a teacher-psychologist is determined by the ability to interact with students and their parents. A psychologist must have a sufficient theoretical basis and practical skills. The culture of speech of a teacher-psychologist is an important element when communicating with students.

The psychologist has knowledge about the age of the students, selects understandable expressions and compares them with his professional characteristics. To improve speech culture, a psychologist can independently improve knowledge and skills. Reading fiction and professional literature allows you to include phrases in your speech that increase the effectiveness of what is said.

The educational psychologist must adjust speech and behavior based on the appropriate situation. An important quality of the profession is the ability to flexibly rearrange a conversation, using practical methods to achieve results with students. When communicating with parents, the educational psychologist conducts analysis and self-analysis. Further improving communication skills.

Formation of communicative speech culture

To develop a culture of speech, teachers require knowledge of universal human culture and art. The interaction of a teacher with students depends on the culture of communication, self-development and self-education. The formation of speech must occur according to certain rules. In their absence, an authoritarian style of behavior, conflicts and tension between the student and the teacher appear.

To develop communication skills, the teacher should improve the following skills:

listening skills;

diction;

expressiveness;

sociability;

openness.

The desire for contact with people and the ability to empathize are qualities necessary for a teacher. At the same time, there are characteristics that interfere with establishing contact between the teacher and the student:

violation of diction;
monotony when speaking;
inability to listen, self-absorption;
isolation;
lack of desire to communicate.

The teacher has to communicate for a long time and often. If there is no desire to make contact, the teacher quickly gets tired and becomes irritable, which negatively affects the students.

Speech problems of modern teachers

Active development of speech culture during training occurred among teachers who currently have considerable experience. Modern education places less importance on improving the speech culture of teachers. University graduates do not take into account the conversational situation, do not have a sense of tact, and add jargon.

The requirements for the speech culture of a modern teacher are increasing, and specialists with a low level of speech education appear on the threshold of educational institutions. This contradiction occurs for several reasons:

excessive borrowing of foreign words;
abundance of colloquial vocabulary;
devaluation of the Russian language;
decreased interest in reading;
low level of speech culture in society.

Russian educational institutions devote insufficient time to teaching communication skills. Communication happens spontaneously. Teachers improve natural abilities. If they are unable to easily and freely start a conversation, young teachers withdraw into themselves. This has a negative impact on students and does not allow them to reveal their abilities. Teaching is a profession that requires high speech activity.

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