Formation of cultural and hygienic skills in the preparatory group

Are there special exercises for developing self-care skills?

Of course, experienced parents have tried many ways to teach their child to dress and take care of himself. We offer five educational exercises for children that will help develop self-care skills:

• Exercises to practice individual operations. Let's assume that the baby has difficulty putting on shoes. What does the process consist of? Putting your foot into a shoe, mastering various fasteners. Each of these operations can become part of a separate game: inserting and removing your feet into different shoes at speed or in accordance with the named color, fastening fasteners on clothes and holding the shoe in your hands. Any idea for a game that you and your baby like will be beneficial.
• Observation of household members. Children learn a huge part of their skills by repeating the actions of adults; they literally copy our behavior on an instinctive level, so the tradition of brushing teeth with the whole family or getting together for dinner not only contributes to family cohesion, but also allows the child to observe how adults cope with a variety of tasks.

• Role-playing games. Role-playing games for preschoolers are a real lifesaver for parents. A teddy bear or favorite doll can greatly speed up the process of mastering the skills of dressing or brushing your teeth.
• Let your child help you. Some skills (for example, combing hair) are quite difficult to practice on yourself right away. Give your baby the opportunity to help you with your hair.
• Play against the clock and set timers. Clear time frames are another incredibly effective tool in parenting. A visual display of time (such as an hourglass) helps a child focus on a task and also develops a general sense of time.

Children learn self-care skills through observation and repetition, as well as through play. In order to choose a suitable activity, analyze what your baby does better and what worse. Break down the missing skills into operations and select activities that are related to the development of these operations. You can always look for ideas in parent communities or ask for advice from teachers and child psychologists.

How to help your child develop his skills?

Of course, the question arises, how to help a child master all these numerous and sometimes complex skills? Having collected the experience of other parents and recommendations from teachers, we have identified five tips for instilling independence in children in everyday matters:

• Create colorful step-by-step instructions or checklists and hang them on the wall. Such cards will help kids remember the order of actions, which is especially important when getting dressed, when the child has to keep a long chain of operations in his head.
• Divide complex actions into small steps. Don’t try to teach your child everything at once; break down entire tasks into a sequence of individual operations. Today we learn to pull on socks, tomorrow we learn to put our foot into a shoe, and the day after tomorrow we focus on Velcro.
• Be consistent. Make it a rule that while the child is small, he solves one everyday problem in one way, this will allow him to quickly learn the necessary actions. You will expand your repertoire and work on creativity after mastering the basic skill, but for now try to keep things in their place, personal care procedures have their own routine, and a new hygiene item or item of clothing is not too different from its predecessor.
• Use short and clear instructions. What to take, what actions to take. Repeat instructions without changing the sequence of actions and use the same words and wording, this promotes memorization.
• Allow enough time. “We don’t have time to wait while he digs around!” — parents are indignant when we begin to understand the reasons for the child’s lack of independence. This approach not only does not allow the child to develop, but also exposes him to constant stress. Imagine if, after a couple of demonstrations, you were forced to quickly tie special sea knots or play some melody without mistakes. This is exactly how the child sees the situation. There are two options: initially allocate twice as much time for the necessary procedures or, as a last resort, help him complete the task.

The Unobvious Benefits of Self-Care Skills

The obvious bonuses of mastering self-care skills are clear: the baby becomes more independent, and you no longer need to monitor his every step. However, many parents neglect self-care skills, focusing more on developing the child's thinking and creativity. However, teachers and psychologists unanimously argue that self-care makes an unobvious but tangible contribution to literally all areas of a child’s life.

Child cognitive development

Learning a sequence of actions has a beneficial effect on the development of memory and thinking, and is involved in improving the child’s attention. It should also be remembered that the more skills a child has already mastered, the better he will be able to navigate a new situation for him, so self-service skills also contribute to the child’s overall intelligence.

Development of coordination and fine motor skills

Have you ever wondered how well you need to control your body in order to put on a T-shirt, handle a button, or tie your shoelaces? Numerous small actions that the baby has to perform when dressing and other procedures become real exercises for the development of fine and gross motor skills.

Impact on communication with other people

In our society, self-care skills are understood as an indicator of a person’s adequacy; we even unconsciously evaluate people by their appearance and neatness. A child who, by the age of 6-7 years, has problems getting dressed or, even more so, needs help while going to the restroom, will likely become an object of ridicule from peers, and sometimes even from adults. The opposite is also true: a child who does not have difficulties with self-care feels more confident and adapts more easily to kindergarten and school.

Self-care skills are not just about keeping a child tidy; they are skills that affect almost all areas of a child’s development. In addition, visiting kindergarten and communicating with other people causes much less stress for a child if he is able to take care of himself.

Methodological techniques for educating KGN in the preparatory group

When working with children 6–7 years old, the importance of speech techniques increases, since at this age, in the combination of visual and figurative perception, the advantage goes to the latter. And since the children have already completely mastered speech, the creation of images is based precisely on this source of information. At the same time, other methods of interaction - visualization, games, practice - are used no less actively.

In the work on educating KGN, it is important to rationally use the entire arsenal of methodological techniques

Conversation

As already noted, the work of educating KGN with preparatory students is inextricably linked with the formation of positive moral qualities, which, in turn, determines the importance of such a technique as an ethical conversation, in particular, discussion of issues related to the culture of addressing acquaintances and strangers, education habits of keeping track of your things, etc. You can see an example of the topics of conversations on KGN in the preparatory group in the publication of teacher Lomovskaya L.V.

Explanation

In the context of KG education, clarification is used to determine the order of actions when practicing a specific skill. For example, the process of sewing on a button can be described as follows: “We pull the thread into the needle, tighten the ends into a knot, and insert it into the needle bed. We apply the button to the item in the place where it came off. Take a needle and thread and pull the buttons through the hole from the inside out to the face. We make a stitch by passing the needle into the adjacent hole and return it inside out. We repeat the stitches.”

This is interesting. The explanation of practical activities related to CGN is often in the nature of a motivational device that encourages mastering a particular skill: sewing on a button, washing a handkerchief, etc.

Puzzles

Many preschool teachers call this technique a win-win motivation: on the one hand, rhymes attract the attention of kids - everyone wants to distinguish themselves and guess, and on the other hand, they set them up for further development of the topic. These techniques usually begin the consideration of the topic on KGN.

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For example, in my practice, when considering the topic “Water, Soap, Towel,” dedicated to developing the ability to soap your hands and face, thoroughly rinse off the foam with water and dry yourself, I begin with riddles:

• It can be family, household, bath, It can be fragrant or it doesn’t smell at all, It can be different colors, sizes and shapes of any kind, But it can only be slippery with water! (Soap),
• We can’t go anywhere without it: “neither here nor there,” We all need very clean... (water) for life.
• Long path, Two embroidered ends, Soft and clean After washing, it will dry me out. (Towel).

The answers to riddles can be specific practical actions of children

Reading, poems

These two techniques can be used successfully either separately or in combination. And in both cases, mainly for motivation. In the first case, an adult or trained children recite poems before practical mastery of the skill. In my work, I use this option in the form of excerpts from “Moidodyr” by K. Chukovsky, which children tell before repeating the order of folding things in the locker and the importance of cleanliness of bed linen.

Reading is practiced in two forms: either the children themselves read texts relevant to the topic, or an adult does it. Of course, the first option is more effective, since it allows children to better understand the essence of the work and also develops an important skill that determines the level of readiness of children for school. But since it is still difficult for children 6–7 years old to read entire poems or prose works, the texts should be divided into meaningful passages. For example, O. Grigoriev’s poem “Jam” can be read in two lines:

• Sergei has no patience, he eats jam with his hands. Seryozha’s fingers stuck together, his shirt grew to his skin. You can’t take your feet off the floor, You can’t take your hands off your feet. Elbows and knees stuck together, Ears stuck together with jam. A pathetic sob is heard - Sergei stuck to himself.

After which, in a conversation, the kids discuss the main idea of ​​the rhyme: in order not to find yourself in Sergei’s situation, you must not forget about the culture of eating.

Reading also helps to attract children's attention to the topic at hand.

Visibility

To educate KGN from this group of techniques, the teacher uses:

• pictures (and not only to accompany the explanation, illustration of each stage of practicing a skill, but also as a demonstration of the stages “before” and “after”, for example, the hero of “Dunno in the Sunny City” N. Nosov Pachkuli Pestrenky before washing and after as a way to awaken kids’ curiosity about what helped him transform like that),
• attributes (kids need to be introduced to different forms of personal hygiene products - solid and liquid soap, a regular and electric toothbrush, washcloths of different shapes, etc., so that in the future they will not have misunderstandings regarding the use of soap in the form of candy or a toothbrush with a cap in in the form of a toy),
• demonstration (any skill - using a fork, a napkin, tidying up a cabinet, changing bed linen, etc. - requires a presentation by a teacher),
• demonstration (if in younger groups this technique in the form of cartoons directly explained the essence of a particular skill, then in older preschool age video materials can be used as motivation for a subsequent conversation on the topic).

Games

The game form of work does not lose its relevance in the preparatory group. In the aspect of education, KGN are used:

• outdoor games (usually in the form of competitions “Who can make the bed better”, “Who can perform hygiene procedures faster after returning from a walk”, etc.),
• theatrical games (this technique is indispensable when practicing table manners, when children in role-playing games appear as cafe visitors, guests of the king),

  The work of educating KGN combines routine aspects with skills development

• didactic games that allow you to reinforce the order of performing a particular hygiene procedure.

This is interesting. Games can be used as an element of motivation before direct productive activities.

Table: examples of didactic games in KGN classes in the preparatory group

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Photo gallery: equipment for didactic games for educating KGN

The game Let's dress the doll Masha for a walk can be played in the reverse order, that is, undress after the walk

In the game Developing Good Habits, children, among other things, develop monologue speech

For each correct answer in the game Rules of Hygiene, the child receives a point.

Practical techniques

This is the actual implementation by children of CGN in life, as well as:

• experimental activity (for example, to prove that there are stains that cannot be wiped off, but only washed off, children draw a small spot on their hand with a ballpoint pen, then try to erase it, but only stretch the blot, and go to the washbasins, where they wash off the ink with soap and water ),
• creative tasks (drawings, crafts, applications) on the topic.

Photo gallery: drawings by children of the preparatory group on the topic of educating KGN

Images of drawings can be invented together with parents

In the drawings, the guys can depict the order of performing a specific KGN

Drawings on the topic of healthy lifestyle can be general in nature