“For children about Pushkin”
On June 6, our country celebrates the 221st anniversary of the birth of the great Russian poet and writer Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin.
A.S. Pushkin is the author of well-known and beloved fairy tales. More than one generation of children grew up reading Pushkin’s fairy tales; his work, which has become an integral part of our culture, accompanies us throughout our lives.
Pushkin's fairy tales are written in a lively and easily understood poetic form, in tune with folk tunes and legends. Folklore inspired the poet and enriched his work with colorful images and stories. “What a delight these fairy tales are! “Everyone is a poem,” Pushkin wrote, impressed by the stories of his nanny Arina Rodionovna, who conveyed to him the splendor and wisdom of folk art. - What a luxury, what a meaning, what a point in every saying of ours! What gold!”
The fairy-tale world of Pushkin is filled with heroes created under the influence of folklore, such as Tsar Saltan, Princess Swan, the scientist cat, heroes, Balda, and there are also native Slavic mythological characters - Koschey and Baba Yaga with the Hut on Chicken Legs.
How to spend this day with a preschooler?
1. A little biography
Alexander Sergeevich is known not only in our country. He is known all over the world. Of course, at first there was just little Sasha Pushkin. He was born a very long time ago - June 6, 1799. At that time, neither you guys nor I were alive, even my grandmother was not in the world. Sasha lived in a large family. He had an older sister and two younger brothers. Sasha also had a nanny, Arina Rodionovna. They had a lot of books in the house. Sasha's father loved to read and wrote poetry. Sasha also began writing poetry very early - at the age of three.
But you and I know that Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin wrote not only poetry. He also wrote fairy tales. He loved fairy tales since childhood. Arina Rodionovna knew a lot of fairy tales and told them very well. Arina Rodionovna picked up her knitting, sat down, and a fairy tale began... Little Sasha could listen to these fairy tales for a long time. But when he grew up, he did not forget his nanny, he wrote a poem about her, “The storm covers the sky with darkness...”
and when he came home, he was sure to listen to the fairy tales and stories of his old nanny.
When Sasha turned 11 years old, he was brought to study in Tsarskoe Selo, at the Lyceum - a school for boys. Here he studied for six years, met his future friends: Ivan Pushchin, Anton Delvig. In Tsarskoe Selo, Pushkin began to write his real poems (you can show a drawing: Pushkin reads poetry to his friends). Pushkin loved to draw and often drew with a pen next to his poems.
Many years have passed since the time when the great poet lived. But his poems are not forgotten. He is remembered and loved not only in our country, but throughout the world. The city, metro station, streets, and squares are named after him. In Kazan, in the very center of the city there is a monument to the poet. The Pushkin Museum was created.
Every year new books with his poems and fairy tales are published. But there is one old book that is kept in the museum. The teacher, Onegin D.S., sent a letter and a book with Pushkin’s poems from the front to his daughters. He thought that he would die in the war and would not return home. In the letter, he wrote that his daughters should keep this book, which was wounded in battle. But he returned, kept this book for many years, and then donated it to the museum.
2. Watch this wonderful cartoon that talks about the Great Poet in simple words that any child can understand.
https://yadi.sk/i/ET5mbxBJpoSMog
3. At what age should children read Pushkin?
In accordance with the Model general educational program of preschool education “From birth to school” edited by N. E. Veraksa, T. S. Komarova, M. A. Vasilyeva, familiarity with Pushkin’s fairy tales begins already in the 1st junior group (children from 2 to 3 years old
). The teacher reads an excerpt from “The Tale of Tsar Saltan”
Of course, the teacher does not tell the children the author and the name of the fairy tale, but draws the children’s attention to a boat with sails set on the water. He invites everyone to blow and watch the boat run on its inflated sails. This is how an acquaintance with the fairy tales of the great poet begins in a playful way.
In the second younger group (children from 3 to 4 years old)
The teacher introduces the children to excerpts from “The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Knights.”
Images of the sun, wind, and month are accessible and understandable to children of this age. The illustrations in the books perfectly complement the reading passages. Of course, the teacher has the right to decide for himself whether to inform preschoolers of the author of these lines or not. I believe that already in the younger group, children can easily remember the surname Pushkin.
In the middle group (children from 4 to 5 years old)
is taught to memorize an excerpt from “The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Knights” - “Wind, wind, you are mighty!” Working on a poetic work always includes preliminary work - getting to know new words, explaining their meaning, so as not to be distracted by this while reading. Children must be given the poet's first, middle and last names and shown a portrait. Invite them to remember a poem about the wind that they have already read before. If the children find it difficult, the teacher reads. This is where illustrations come to the rescue again.
Why is the explanation of new words so important when working on Pushkin’s fairy tales? The fact is that they contain so many archaisms, that is, words that have fallen out of use, that it will be very difficult for a preschooler to understand the meaning of the whole phrase. Examples of archaisms should be given: cheeks (cheeks, neck (neck), palm (palm, listen (listen).
Pushkin's fairy tales need to be read very carefully, and not tear out some passages to memorize.
So in the older group
acquaintance with fairy tales continues with reading “Tales of Tsar Saltan, his glorious and mighty hero son, Prince Guidon Saltanovich, and the beautiful Swan Princess.” The tale is quite large in volume, so it will not be possible to read it in one go. So this will be a continued reading. Here you can use a technique - remember the place where you stopped, and next time offer to remember.
In preparatory school
The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Knights is read to a group of children.
4. And now we can do it again
.
Draw, make crafts, applique. Nobody limits you here. Let your imagination fly.
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin: creativity
The story of Pushkin is an episode in the formation of Russian literature. Therefore, I will tell you what Pushkin’s work was like, briefly:
- Lyceum period.
Studying at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum was the time when the features of the poetry of such a talented person as Pushkin crystallized. A short biography contains information about his literary debut: Vestnik Evropy published a poem by fifteen-year-old Alexander Sergeevich “To a Poet Friend” in 1814. His “Memories of Tsarskoe Selo” was noted a year later by Derzhavin, who came to the educational institution.
Pushkin was a member of the Arzamas literary circle. In his work he was guided by Zhukovsky, Batyushkov, Radishchev and Karamzin.
- Freethinking in verse.
While still at the Lyceum, Alexander was delighted with the courage of the Russian people opposing Napoleon's army. He perceived serfdom as a malicious violation of personal freedom. Such views brought Pushkin closer to the participants of the Decembrist movement (he did not join their secret societies), and in 1819 they brought him to the “Green Lamp” - a literary and theatrical group.
The poet’s progressive sentiments were reflected in the poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila”, the author’s poems “Liberty”, “To Chaadaev”, epigrams on Arakcheev. For such freethinking, Pushkin was exiled to the south of the empire.
- Southern exile and the Mikhailovsky period.
The years of Pushkin’s life in the Crimean, Chisinau and Odessa periods are the time of maturation and implementation of creative plans. The poet began work on “Eugene Onegin”, wrote the Byronic poems “Don Juan”, “Prisoner of the Caucasus”, “Bakhchisarai Fountain”, etc.
In 1824, Pushkin was fired from service. The reason is his religious beliefs, which the emperor assessed as atheistic. The poet was exiled to Mikhailovskoye. During this period, the author became interested in the topic of the connection between human destiny and the historical era. He dedicated the poems “Gypsies” and “Boris Godunov” to her.
- Pushkin: life and work of the Boldino period.
Nicholas I, who ascended the throne in 1826, called the poet to the capital and freed him from censorship supervision. Pushkin's work of this period was permeated with romanticism. The cholera epidemic that broke out in Russia in 1830 detained the lyricist on the Boldino estate.
Boldino autumn is the most fruitful period, when Pushkin’s life and work were at their peak. The cycle “Belkin's Tales” and “The Tale of Balda” was born. The author completed "Eugene Onegin".
The master of words returned to Boldino for the second time in 1833. Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin created “The Queen of Spades”, “The Bronze Horseman”, “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish”, etc.
Photo: Wikipedia: UGC
- Briefly about Pushkin and Sovremennik.
In 1833, Pushkin returned to the court as a historiographer. Considering the rank of chamber cadet assigned to him by the tsar offensive, the poet left public service.
In 1836, he received permission to publish the Sovremennik almanac, where he published the story “The Captain's Daughter”. In the summer of that year, Pushkin worked on the “Kamennoostrovsky” cycle of poetry, permeated with gospel themes.
Information for 9th grade
For ninth-graders, Alexander Sergeevich is already an understandable personality.
High school students realize how multifaceted and amazing a person he was, and are ready to accept information about the vicissitudes of fate.
For grade 9, considering the main dates of the biography, it is worthwhile to dwell in more detail on the role of the poet in the social and political life of that time, his influence on his contemporaries, as well as on the reforms of Russian written speech: it was after Pushkin that poetic speech and prose became simple and easy to understand.
Let's sum it up
Today we still read Pushkin with pleasure, although his life is separated from ours by two centuries. Why? It's simple: the great poet wrote about what will always worry a person, regardless of the time in which he happened to live: about the choice of life's path, about eternal values - love, friendship, fidelity, courage.
If you feel that you have begun to lose your bearings in life, open “The Bakhchisarai Fountain” or “Eugene Onegin”, and everything will fall into place. And knowledge of the biography of this genius will help to better understand the motives of his work.
Period of Mikhailovsky exile
In the short biography that is compiled for children, they usually skip the period of exile in Mikhailovskoye. But these are the years that the poet spent in solitude, when nothing distracted him from reading and creativity.
It is in exile that the final formation of a young man as a personality occurs.
Alexander gets to know the people his nanny told him about. Pushkin listens to the legends of old people, goes to the market in a red shirt to “overhear” the folk conversation, jokes with peasant and courtyard girls and boys, and takes part in games.
In Mikhailovskoye, the poet appreciated the loyalty of friendship - Ivan Pushchin came to him, and this turned out to be their last date.
This is interesting! Brief analysis of the poem Monument to Alexander Pushkin
In the Mikhailovsky exile, he experienced painful and sweet love for the beautiful Anna Kern, who for a time became his muse, thanks to her extraordinarily beautiful lines were born: “I loved you - love, perhaps, has not completely died out in my soul.”
In order to better remember the most important thing about the life and work of the great poet, it is worth compiling a brief summary of the biography. What will go in there?
- Important dates (birth, study at the Lyceum, exile, meeting Natalie, duel).
- Pushkin's activities and hobbies in different periods of his life.
- The most important works (in your personal opinion).
Important! Mikhailovskoye in Pushkin’s life is a hugely significant segment of the path. In this exile his soul matured.
