Consultation for parents of the middle group “Learning to use scissors”

MAGAZINE Preschooler.RF

Prepared by Oksana Aleksandrovna Malyutina

Goal: To introduce children to scissors as a tool used for cutting.

Educational objectives:

• Teach children to hold scissors correctly.
• Teach safety rules when working with scissors.
• Carry out “simple” movements with them;

Developmental tasks:

• Develop fine motor skills.

Educational tasks:

• Cultivate endurance, perseverance, and attentiveness.
• Reinforce in children the techniques of careful gluing.

Materials:

• Scissors of different types and sizes. Colored paper, glue, glue brush, poetry, finger gymnastics.

Preliminary work:

• Considering scissors of different types and sizes
• Reading poems about scissors

Progress of the lesson

The teacher asks a riddle

Made of iron, able to shear and cut. When they meet, the parts are separated.

Children: Scissors

Educator: That's right, these scissors show the box, open it, and there are different types of scissors. (Slide No. 2)

“There are different scissors in the world. All of them benefit a person: they use scissors to cut hair, fingernails and toenails, cut fabric when sewing clothes, cut out fins for fish when preparing food. (slide number 3). And children use scissors to cut out different figures from paper, from which they then make beautiful pictures. But if you play with scissors - swing them, twirl them in front of your eyes, they can get angry and prick or scratch. In general, the scissors are good. If handled correctly, they can help in many ways.

Educator: Now we will get to know the scissors better, I will hand them out to you.

TEACHER: Now look carefully at your scissors. How many rings does the scissors have?

Children: two.

TEACHER: What else are they like?

CHILDREN: On the oval, on the windows, on the sun, on the bagels, on the saucer (slide number 4).

TEACHER: How many knives do scissors have?

CHILDREN: two.

TEACHER: What do the knives look like?

CHILDREN: Like a bird with a beak, like a crocodile. (slide number 5)

TEACHER: Look how I open and close the “mouth” of the scissors.

TEACHER: We will insert our fingers into the ring. Here's a look at how (demonstration). How many fingers did I put in?

CHILDREN: two.

TEACHER: And the scissors also have an important detail - a nail. Look at him, he is connecting the scissors.

Today we will learn how to use scissors and cut paper.

TEACHER: But first I want to tell you that scissors are not a toy, you can get hurt with them. Therefore, I want to tell you about the rules for working with scissors:

1. You can only take and cut with scissors with the permission of an adult.
2. Do not play with scissors or swing them.
3. Hold the scissors straight away from you in a horizontal position.
4. Pass scissors to each other rings first
5. When finished, put the scissors into the scissors box. (slide number 6)

The teacher invites the children to play with their fingers

Scissors

Initial position. Press the thumb, ring finger and little finger into the palm. Extend your index and middle fingers forward.

They either diverge or converge, imitating the movements of scissors. The palm is parallel to the table. Perform the exercise slowly at first, then speed up the pace. Make sure your fingers are straight.

I cut, I cut, I twist the fabric,

I want to learn to sew!

Educator: Now let's work with scissors. Show me how to hold scissors correctly in your hands, what movements did I show you? Try snapping scissors.

Children try to work with scissors; if they fail, the teacher takes their hand in theirs and performs the movements together with the child.

Educator: “Our scissors are tired and want to rest here. Let’s carefully collect all the scissors and put them back in the box, we will meet with them more than once.”

The children say goodbye to them. The lesson is over.

Consultation for parents of the middle group “Learning to use scissors”

Knowing how to cut with scissors requires a surprising amount of skill. To cut correctly with scissors, there must be simultaneous coordination of the left and right hands, which make completely different movements. And this is not as easy as it seems to us adults. Take, for example, cutting in a straight line: the child must hold the scissors with three fingers of one hand, while constantly opening and closing them. While with his other hand he holds the paper and moves it forward towards the scissors. And at this time you still need to stay on the cutting line. Regulate and control your actions.

From this it is obvious and clear that cutting with scissors requires great precision and bilateral coordination. At this time, the baby’s fine motor skills are intensively developing, and along with it the brain, as all its zones are activated. When working with scissors, the same muscle group is used that is necessary to properly hold a pencil when writing.

Choosing scissors.

In stores, this stationery tool can be found in any size and color. Give preference to scissors that will fit most comfortably in a small hand. Children's scissors must be well sharpened so that torn cuts do not appear on the paper. In addition, they should have rounded ends so that the baby does not accidentally injure himself or a friend. The handles of the scissors must be rubberized.

Important! If your child is left-handed, then you should give preference to scissors made specifically for such children. Otherwise, it will be inconvenient for the child to use the tool, since he will not be able to see the cutting line.

Before moving on to the question of how to teach a child to cut with scissors, it is necessary to familiarize him with safety measures.

Rules for using scissors

Explain to your child that scissors are not a toy, but a tool that can hurt themselves. Convey the information that they have a point and are therefore very dangerous.

• Scissors can only be used at the table. Do not run, jump or walk around the room with scissors.
• You can pass scissors by holding the closed blades so that a friend can grab them by the rings.
• Scissors must be taken only with the permission of an adult and at first the tool can only be used in the presence of parents or adults.
• Scissors should not be placed on the edge of the table; they may fall and injure you.
• Do not run your hands over the open blades of the scissors; they are sharp and can cause injury.
• Scissors need to be worked with the blades forward, away from you.
• Scissors should be stored in a stand with the handles facing up.

Learn how to hold scissors correctly

Position your child's hand so that the fingers are straight and the thumb is pointing up.

Place one of the scissors rings on your child's thumb.

Then, help your baby put middle finger into the second ring. The index finger fixes the scissors from below. The ring and little fingers should be clenched in a fist. If the size of the ring allows, then you can insert your index and ring fingers there at the same time.

First we just try to open and close the scissors. Do not rush your child, remember that caution and safety come first.

The baby learned to open and close scissors and still hold them straight.

It's time to start trying to cut paper.

Hold a small piece of paper in front of your baby so that it is in your hands (hanging). The child should then try to make several cuts.

After the first attempts, show him with your example how to handle a sheet of paper.

Organize a work space for your child, please note that when working you will need a large amount of paper and a container where you will put the cut paper.

Sit nearby or place the child on your lap. At first, you need to help your child handle scissors and paper. At the right moments, hold the paper and help you take steps with scissors. Naturally, if our know-it-all shouts “I myself!” There's no point in helping him. Let him puff and try on his own, but under supervision.

First, the child must learn to cut paper into pieces.

It's better to start by cutting strips. Give your child a narrow rectangular piece of paper that is comfortable to hold in his hands, take his hands in yours, helping him push the scissors blades apart and move them. Then show how to cut the strips. With your left hand, you need to move the paper between the blades of the scissors, while making sure that your fingers do not get under the blade. Over time, he will learn to do this on his own.

It is better if this work takes no more than two steps with scissors.

And from these strips, using a glue stick, you can quickly make a flower, a garland (aka beads) and even a whole Christmas tree. You can also make a three-dimensional application of grass. To do this, we cut a green strip from one edge not all the way and glue it to the edge of the album sheet. And the details can be completed with felt-tip pens.

If your child is not very good at cutting strips and the paper tears, then try making the same thing from thick magazine covers. Or just give your child small pieces of magazine covers and let him cut them however he likes. Your task is to control his actions during class.

Next stage: cutting out objects along the contours

Once your baby has mastered cutting strips, you can try cutting along the contours. To begin with, choose simple contours with clear lines. For example, geometric shapes. First a square or rectangle, then a triangle or trapezoid, and finally a circle and an oval.

Then you can try cutting out more complex shapes. It is best to cut out from children's magazines on thick paper or coloring books. Thin paper is more difficult to cut; it can easily tear if you turn the scissors incorrectly. Also use cut out figures in appliques.

Now in children's stores and on the Internet there are a lot of workbooks and manuals that contain materials for teaching a child to cut out. The exercises in them are structured in such a way that the child progresses from simple to complex.

Use them to keep your child interested in working with scissors.

We wish you good luck and creative ideas!!!

Lesson summary “Symmetrical cutting. Vase with Flowers"

Topic: “Symmetrical cutting. Vase with Flowers"

Target

: To encourage children to master the technique of symmetrical cutting from paper folded in half using a template.

Tasks:

- consolidate cutting methods along a curved line.

- cultivate accuracy and independence.

Materials and equipment

: laptop, presentation, colored paper, scissors, glue, glue brush, brush stand, napkin.

Progress of the lesson

Introductory part

- greeting the students.

— readiness check.

I'll tell you an old parable (a parable is an instructive story.)

One philosopher (scientist), named Buridan, had a donkey. One day, when he was leaving for a long time, he placed two completely identical armfuls of hay in front of the donkey - one on the left and the other on the right. The donkey couldn't decide which armful to start with and died of hunger.

The parable of the donkey is, of course, a joke. However, if you take a closer look and look around you, you will notice many objects where left and right are so identical that it is impossible to give preference to either one or the other. What are we dealing with?

(children's answer - with symmetry)

It was nature that taught us symmetry - the shapes of snowflakes, crystals, flower leaves. Animals, fish, birds, insects and the human body are symmetrical. This is what we have to check.

Main part

View the presentation.

Safety instructions when working with scissors.

- Children, do you have half of an object drawn on paper folded in half?

- Who guessed what kind of object you drew?

- You will find out whether your answer is correct when you cut and unfold the sheet exactly along the drawn line. You will get an image of the whole object. You need to cut smoothly and leisurely, since the contour line is not straight, but winding.

(Children do the work)

- What did you do? (Vase).

—What do people use vases for? (For beauty, flowers, fruits).

— What materials are vases made from? (Glass, porcelain, ceramics, crystal, wood, metal, plastic)

— Who comes up with the shape of the vase, its size, decorations? (Artists, craftsmen - glassblowers, embossers).

- Children, guess my riddle.

Wonderful flower

Like a bright light.

Magnificent, important, like a gentleman,

Delicate velvet...(Answer: Tulip)

- Right. The teacher shows the children images of a tulip head. It has a rounded calyx and three serrated petals on top. Look what half a tulip looks like. Fold the tulip head in half and explains the task. To cut a tulip, you need to fold the original shape in half with the colored side inward and cut out the tulip head along the contour. Anyone who wants can cut out not just one flower, but 2, 3 or more. Children cut out tulips.

Physical school

Our scarlet flowers (Palms joined in the shape of a tulip)

The petals are blooming. (Fingers slowly open)

The breeze breathes slightly, (Smooth swaying of the hands is made)

The petals are swaying.

Our scarlet flowers (Fingers slowly close, taking on the shape of a flower)

The petals close, - (crouched, hid)

Shake the head, - (moves the head left - right)

They fall asleep quietly.

After physical education, the teacher suggests cutting out the leaves and stem of a tulip from green paper, and decorating your vase with a tulip or a bouquet of tulips. While working, the teacher asks the children where they will place and stick the decoration on the vase. Explains that the most suitable place is the body of the vase. The widest place on the vase. He asks how the children think about cutting out leaves - using paired cutting techniques or folding a narrow rectangle in half lengthwise and cutting out half a leaf, i.e. in a symmetrical way. Children who finish their work faster than others are advised to decorate the neck of the vase.

Final part

The teacher will forgive each child to say whose work he liked the most and why?

Cleaning the workplace.

Fine motor problem: proprioception

Proprioception is a sensation in muscles, joints and ligaments, so it directly affects the development of fine motor skills in a child. This type of problem is called proprioceptive dysfunction, causing poor handwriting, confusion about the direction of letters and numbers, and problems forming sentences.

A child with a proprioception disorder holds the scissors too tightly and cuts out of line because he does not know where to start and where to end. If your child has weak muscle tone and fine motor skills, it may be worth checking to see if your child has a delayed grasp reflex (Palmer reflex) before trying fun games to develop fine motor skills. If the suspicion is confirmed, the child may always have difficulty writing, lettering, cutting with scissors, and using fine motor skills unless steps are taken to transform the Palmer reflex into full grasping.

If your child has difficulty using scissors or has a hard time understanding how to use them, problems with vision and hand-eye coordination may also be the cause. He may appear clumsy, have difficulty handling objects in his hands, constantly change hands and switch scissors, and lack spatial awareness (not understanding which direction to cut). This point is worth discussing with your pediatrician.

If the only problem is that the child does not have the skill of how to use scissors, we offer several games to develop it.

Techniques for working with scissors in the middle group. Show practical techniques

Children learn techniques for working with scissors by imitating the ways of an adult. Therefore, the teacher must show the correct ways to use scissors, taking into account the difficulties that children usually experience. For example, the teacher needs to make sure that the child does not bring forward the elbow of the hand with scissors, control the movements of both hands, knowing that large parts are cut out with wide open scissors, and small parts are cut out with small, careful movements.

basic cutting techniques , based on the principle of gradual increase in image difficulty for children of different age groups:

a) cutting out geometric figures and objects, the basis of which are these figures and their combinations;

b) symmetrical cutting of objects and pattern elements;

c) cutting out by eye the complex outline of objects with an asymmetrical structure.

cutting out different geometric shapes by eye , folding from various types of blanks, as well as techniques for replicating figures (techniques for replicating geometric shapes by bending blanks into several parts are used in classes with children only of senior preschool age 6 - 7 years old) for patterned compositions. This way you can cut out two rectangles or eight. In the first case, the workpiece in the form of a strip is divided in half over the eye, and then a straight transverse section is made (Fig. 1, 1). In the second example, to obtain eight rectangular strips, the workpiece is folded in half three times and cut along the folds seven times (Fig. 1, 2). This replication allows you to get several identical figures. These could be windows for a multi-storey building or a bus, flags for making a garland, etc.

A square is also cut from a strip, having previously calculated the ratio of width and length. For example, to obtain two figures, take a workpiece 4X8 or 3x6 cm. When it is necessary to cut out a larger number of squares, the workpiece is increased in length. Thus, four figures are obtained from a 4X16 cm strip, and twice as many are obtained from a 4X32 cm blank (Fig. 1, 3, 4).

The triangle can be cut in different ways. The simplest technique is to cut the square in half diagonally with an oblique cut from one corner to the opposite (Fig. 1, 5). To replicate triangles, the same technique of folding a strip of paper is used, but in a different way: first, the workpiece is folded in half horizontally two or three times. Then, holding the fold with your left hand, make a diagonal incision, as in the first case (Fig. 1, 6). So, from a strip of 4X16 cm, seven triangles are immediately obtained.

To depict a trapezoidal shape, the opposite narrow sides of the strip are connected to each other and the corner is cut along an oblique line (Fig. 1, 7). A rhombus can be cut in two ways: by bending the rectangle in half lengthwise and crosswise and after bending, cutting off each corner from one end to the other (Fig. 1, or on a strip at the same distance from each other, oblique parallel cuts along the length are made by eye (Fig. 1 ,9).

To more accurately cut a polygon (hexagon and octagon), the square is folded in half twice vertically and horizontally, then, moving away from the center of the fold, the corner is cut off (octagon - Fig. 1.10). To depict a hexagon, the square is first folded in half and then into three more parts. After folding with an oblique cut from one end to the other, remove the corner (Fig. 1.11).

Rounded shapes (circle, oval, ellipse) are cut out from a square, rectangle and strip, smoothly rounding all four corners (Fig. 1, 12-14).

The described techniques for cutting out geometric shapes are used both when composing geometric patterns and when depicting objects of simple and complex shapes , parts of which are close to the outlines of certain standard shapes.

The greatest difficulty for a child is represented by techniques for depicting round shapes (circle, oval). Training should begin with the development of the ability to round corners in combination with the already learned techniques of straight and curved cuts. So, to depict carrots, peppers, and peas, children are given a strip of the appropriate color. One end of such a blank is sharpened with two oblique lines at the top and bottom. And the other end is rounded. Additionally, cut out the tops and cuttings from green paper. Leaves, petals of chamomile, marigold, dahlia, dragonfly wings, and birds are cut out in a similar way. Then the children are taught to sequentially round both ends of the workpiece when cutting out an elongated oval (cucumber, eggplant, pyramid rings), and then a short oval (melon, plum, lemon, “golden” egg) and a circle (ball, watermelon, ball, bun, beads and etc.).

Of course, your baby has seen scissors more than once, as we use them to cut nails on children’s fingers, trim his bangs, or even give children’s haircuts. And scissors come in handy every now and then in everyday life... The child sees all this from the outside, since until a certain time parents do not trust such work to their son or daughter. But sooner or later the time comes when the child wants to learn how to use scissors on his own. In principle, a child over two years old can already be shown how to use scissors correctly and safely, without waiting for the child to stealthily get to them and ruin everything around or get hurt.

Of course, at such a young age we can only talk about working with scissors under the supervision of an adult. Well, at what age children’s scissors will take their place among the items for children’s creativity that are freely available to the child depends on the child himself. Some people can be trusted at two and a half years old, but for others it will still be fraught at five years old. By the way, working with scissors in preschool educational institutions is introduced from the middle group, that is, for children over 4 years old. Well, at home, under your close supervision, you can offer your child to work with scissors much earlier. After all, children love to imitate adults, and what is usually forbidden arouses great interest.

For initial acquaintance, you can purchase scissors with plastic blades. They are considered the safest, but such scissors often cut so poorly that they simply irritate children. But when learning, it is very important that the child succeeds in what he intended, since in the event of repeated failures, the desire to master this difficult skill may disappear.

Needless to say, children's scissors should be medium-sized, with rounded ends. Good safety scissors for children can be purchased at Ikea. They are sold in a set: some with straight blades, the second with zigzag cutting. It is almost impossible to cut yourself with such scissors. You can also find scissors with a stop at office supply stores. They are good because the child only has to squeeze the rings of the scissors, and they return to their original position on their own, which greatly facilitates the child’s work. Well, if your baby prefers to hold scissors in his left hand, you need to purchase left-handed scissors.

Remember that you need to show how to work with scissors slowly, so that the baby sees that they require special handling; Otherwise, the child, taking the pace of an adult, may get hurt. The best position for both of you when teaching your child to use scissors is to sit behind him. Show your child how the scissors “click their beak” (you can say: “Am! Am!” “Chick-chick” or “Click-click”). Place the scissors in the child's hand (the thumb and middle fingers are inserted into the rings of the scissors, the index finger supports the scissors from below; the ends of the blades are directed away from you, forward) and help him first open the blades, then press on the rings of the scissors. After repeating the procedure several times together, then give the child the opportunity to do it independently. After practicing “idle”, you can help your child make cuts along the sides of an A4 sheet.

You can also invite your child to cut a narrow strip of paper across (the strip should be no wider than scissors can cut in one motion). Teach your child to hold the strip with his fingers at a safe distance from the place where you plan to make the cuts and not to point the scissor blades towards the fingers of the hand holding the paper. In order to train your child in remembering and naming colors, you can prepare strips of colored paper, double-sided paper or photocopier paper. And if you take the time, you can prepare, say, a banana, cucumber or carrot cut out of colored paper for playing with scissors, and invite the little one to treat his toys by dividing the vegetables and fruits into parts.

As a complication, you can invite your child to make cuts not in a free order, but along a drawn line. So, for example, you can make a fringe for a rug (on the sides of an A4 sheet), cut all the same fruits and vegetables along the drawn lines, or, having drawn a comb, you can cut its teeth along the lines.

The next step is to cut wider pieces (for example, tomato, apple, pear, etc.), designed for several openings and contractions of the scissors. You can prepare appropriate strips of paper to reinforce the concepts of “narrow-wide”, “long-short” (in this case, the strips are cut crosswise either in a free order or along drawn lines). A more difficult task is to provide the child with the opportunity to independently cut off the strips marked on the sheet (i.e., along, along the drawn lines).

Next, teach your child to cut out squares and rectangles. Then show how, by cutting them from corner to corner, you can get triangles, and by cutting off the corners of a square or rectangle (slightly rounded), the square can turn into a circle, and the rectangle into an oval. At this level, it is already necessary to engage not only in cutting or making cuts, but also in finding a use for the carved “masterpieces.” That is, now it is no longer cutting as an end in itself, but preparatory work for making applications and crafts.

Here are some ideas for simple appliqués, the details of which a child can cut out on their own:

• a house made of a square (rectangle) and a triangle (it can be supplemented with windows of different shapes);
• a Christmas tree made of green triangles (can be of different sizes) and a small brown rectangle (square) - the trunk;
• a fence of two long horizontal stripes and several short vertical stripes;
• a sun made of a yellow circle and stripes-rays or triangles-rays;
• a flower made of a circle (core) and round or oval petals (it can be supplemented with a striped stem and oval leaves);
• a snowman made of circles of different diameters;
• centipede made of circles (can be of different diameters, different colors);
• beads (from different geometric shapes);
• rails for a train (similar to a fence);
• a train made of rectangular cars and wheels (if it is a passenger train, you can glue the windows);
• truck: a square, next to (close to) a rectangle located vertically, next - a rectangle located horizontally, two wheels below.

Working with scissors develops fine motor skills, hand muscles, coordination of movements, concentration, and perseverance. In addition, by giving your child various tasks, you help reinforce basic mathematical concepts (color, shape, size, width, length, etc.). And the cut or glued parts can be counted - to consolidate the quantitative count. You can come up with tasks to consolidate ordinal counting. And when it comes to gluing the blanks your child has cut out, you can reinforce concepts such as top, bottom, right, left, center, next, under, above, etc. (more complex level - for example, upper right corner or lower left, etc.). But this is provided that you discuss and pronounce all the concepts with your child, and this, in turn, also contributes to the child’s speech development. Thus, working with scissors and, as a result, practicing appliqué have great developmental potential.

How to teach a child to use scissors: games and exercises

Below are exercises that will help develop fine motor skills and teach your child how to use scissors. Later, you can simply give your child unnecessary postcards, booklets or magazines so that he can cut everything out.

Cutting out zigzags

Pages with wide and dotted lines are designed for younger children who are just learning to use scissors. Simply use a marker to draw various zigzags, waves and lines on strips of colored paper. The younger the child, the larger the figures should be. Invite your child to cut strictly along the line with scissors.

Source www.funwithmama.com

Game with scissors "What's hiding in the grass"

To find out what or who is hiding in the grass, the child needs to cut off all the “blades of grass.” Making such a game couldn’t be easier: cut green colored paper into strips and glue it to any picture.