Features of constructing the organizational and motivational stage of the GCD in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standards in preschool educational institutions
Features of constructing the organizational and motivational stage of the GCD in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standards in preschool educational institutions
Any children's activity: play, work, drawing, educational, productive activity should contribute to the development of children. Therefore, the teacher’s activities must be structured in such a way that children not only do everything that is required of them, but also transfer this into their independent activities. And this will only happen if the new knowledge and skills that we strive to pass on to children are needed and interesting to them, if the children are motivated.
The organizational and motivational stage of GCD is considered the most important, because the success of the entire lesson depends on how this stage goes.
The organizational and motivational stage of GCD consists of the following substages:
1. Introduction to the game situation
2. Motivation.
Formation of ideas about upcoming activities. (The game situation should be directly related to the topic of the lesson: what the children need to be taught). The main task at this stage is to generate interest among students in the content of GCD, direct the attention of children, and reveal the educational task. Formation of the ability to listen and follow the instructions of an adult.
3. Statement of the problem.
-Difficulty in a game situation. This stage allows the teacher to introduce children to the features and tasks of the upcoming activity, or the creation of a problem situation that requires resolution.
- way out of a difficult situation.
Game motivation is a methodological technique that helps guide children’s activities in a playful way and achieve the desired result. Game motivation should correspond to the age characteristics of children.
In the pedagogical literature, four types of motivation are distinguished:
:
The first type is play motivation - “Help the toy”,
the child achieves the learning goal by solving problems with toys. The creation of this motivation is based on this scheme:
1. You say that the toy needs help, and only children can help them.
2. You ask the children if they agree to help the toy.
3. You offer to teach children to do what the toy requires, then the explanation and demonstration will interest the children.
4. During work, each child should have his own character - a ward (a cut-out, toy, drawn character to whom he provides assistance).
5. The same toy - the ward evaluates the child’s work and always praises the child.
6. After finishing work, it is advisable for the children to play with their charges.
With this motivation, the child acts as an assistant and protector, and it is appropriate to use it for teaching various practical skills.
For example:
GCD application, design, drawing.
The second type of motivation is helping an adult - “Help me”
. Here, the motive for children is communication with an adult, the opportunity to gain approval, as well as interest in joint activities that can be done together. Creation of motivation is based on the following scheme:
1.You tell the children that you are going to make something and ask the children to help you. Wondering how they can help you.
2. Each child is given a feasible task.
3. At the end, emphasize that the result was achieved through joint efforts, that everyone came to it together.
For example:
in GCD sensory, fine art, in labor activity
The third type of motivation “Teach me”
- based on the child’s desire to feel knowledgeable and capable.
For example
: In gaming activities, in GCD senior groups
The creation of this motivation is carried out according to this scheme:
1. You tell the children that you are going to do some activity and ask the children to teach you about it.
2. You ask if they are willing to help you.
3. Each child is given the opportunity to teach you something.
4. At the end of the game, each child is given an assessment of his actions and must be praised.
The fourth type of motivation is “creating objects with your own hands for yourself”
- based on the child’s internal interest. This motivation encourages children to create objects and crafts for their own use or for their loved ones. Children are sincerely proud of their crafts and willingly use them.
For example:
Artistic design, manual labor, artistic creativity
This motivation is created according to the following scheme:
1. You show the children some kind of craft, reveal its advantages and ask if they would like to have the same one for themselves or for their relatives.
2. Next, show everyone how to make this item.
3. The completed craft is given to the child. Pride in the work of your own hands is the most important basis for a creative attitude to work.
If a child is already busy with some activity of interest, and therefore already has the necessary motivation, you can introduce him to new ways to solve problems.
When motivating children, the following principles should be observed:
:
— you cannot impose your vision on solving a problem on a child (maybe the child will have his own way of solving the problem)
- Be sure to ask your child’s permission to do a common activity with him.
- be sure to praise the child’s actions for the results obtained.
— acting together with your child, you introduce him to your plans and ways to achieve them.
By following these rules, you give children new knowledge, teach them certain skills, and develop the necessary skills.
Using game characters.
In classes with kids you can’t do without game characters. The use of game characters and game motivation are interrelated. Game and fairy-tale characters can “come to visit”, “get acquainted”, “give tasks”, “tell fascinating stories”, and can also evaluate the results of the children’s work. There are a number of requirements for these toys and characters.
Toys or game characters:
- must be appropriate for the age of the children;
- must be aesthetic,
- must be safe for the child’s health,
- must have educational value,
- must be realistic;
- should not provoke the child to aggression or cause cruelty.
— There shouldn’t be many game characters.
Each character should be interesting and memorable, “have its own character.” For example, Dunno, Duckling Quack and Mishutka Tish can come to class. Duckling Quack loves nature and travel, knows a lot about it and tells children. Dunno doesn’t know and can’t do much; he often needs the “help” of children. Mishutka is an athlete, he shows warm-up exercises and goes in for sports. They actively express their opinions, ask questions that they don’t understand, make mistakes, get confused, and don’t understand. A child’s desire to communicate and help significantly increases activity and interest.
Features of work on creating play motivation at different age stages
Junior preschool age.
1. You say that something happened to some game characters (dolls living in a group, hares running from the forest) (something has broken, is in danger, or, conversely, a joyful event is coming up). As a result, they urgently need those objects that can be molded, drawn, built, etc. The characters themselves cannot do this, but they heard about (or managed to see for themselves) that in this group there are very kind and skillful children who will help them.
2. You ask the children if they agree to provide the required assistance. And you wait for their response. It is very important that children express their willingness to help.
3. You gradually offer your children your options for getting out of the current situation and say that you know how to do this very well and also wait for their consent to your help. Now you can count on your showing and proposal to land on prepared ground.
4. During work, each child should have his own ward toy character, who is nearby and rejoices along the way and expresses his wishes. Therefore, it is assumed that the group has a sufficient number of small toys.
5. You also use these toys to evaluate the children’s work, which is given on behalf of the toys, as if from their position.
6. At the end of the work, children must be given the opportunity to play with their ward, using the resulting product if desired.
Average age.
When working with children of this age, two types of play motivation are used.
The first type is the same as for the previous age group.
The second type occurs when children take on a role and act in it. To do this, the teacher invites the children to play. After they agree, the teacher takes on the role of, for example, a bunny mother and asks who the children would like to be in this game. Usually they take on the role of cubs - hares. The teacher agrees with all proposals and, in the course of direct educational activities, addresses the children in accordance with the roles they have accepted. Within 1-2 minutes, you can organize the children’s role-playing (eating carrots, walking through the forest). Then, together with the children acting in the role, first a game task is set (something needs to be done: a fence from the wolf), and then a training task (let's learn how to make this fence).
In older groups, the need to create gaming motivation remains.
In addition, problematic situations can help this problem.
The use of problem situations in working with preschoolers has a positive effect on the development of children's creative thinking, cognitive skills and abilities.
Problem situation
- a planned, specially conceived means aimed at awakening students' interest in the topic under discussion.
In other words, a problem situation
is a situation in which a subject wants to solve problems that are difficult for him, but he lacks data and must look for it himself.
The main goal of creating problem situations is to understand and resolve these situations in the course of joint activities of the teacher and children, with optimal independence of preschoolers and under the general guiding guidance of the teacher, as well as in children acquiring knowledge and general principles for solving problematic problems in the process of such activities.
A correctly created problem situation helps the child:
1) formulates the problem (task) himself;
2) finds its solution himself;
3) decides and
4) self-monitors the correctness of this decision.
“Creating play motivation in working with preschool children” consultation on the topic
Consultation for educators:
“Creating play motivation in working with preschool children”
Educator - Kolesnikova S.V.
Teachers are faced with the task of providing every child with the opportunity to have a joyful and meaningful life during preschool childhood. This means that the interaction of the teacher with children in everyday life and in the learning process should be carried out without coercion of the child and taking into account the fact that each age creates the most favorable opportunities for acquiring certain knowledge, for mastering certain skills that act as means of child development.
One of the ways to solve this problem is to use gaming methods and techniques when teaching children. These methods, which represent a specific didactic system, are aimed at children mastering the methods of role-playing games.
Currently, teachers use many gaming methods and techniques, which, unfortunately, are not always effective.
Firstly, because the play situation created by an adult does not captivate children, does not bring them joy and does not develop them.
Secondly, because gaming methods and techniques do not contribute to the effective mastery of the skills for which they are actually used.
The most common ways to use gaming techniques.
- Educators often resort to a gaming technique that involves simulating a particular game character coming to visit the children. The teacher pretends to knock on the door, and then, opening it, announces that “someone has come to them.”
- The game character (bunny, dog, etc.) “asks for help. Children fulfill the toy’s request (they make a “carrot” for a bunny or a “bone” for a dog). The teacher, on behalf of the toy, thanks them.
- When performing any task, the teacher encourages children to transform into certain images. For example, when drawing fruit trees, he suggests becoming a gardener; when creating an image based on decorative and applied arts, he suggests becoming a folk craftsman, etc.
- Children 2-3 years old treat the “arrival” of a toy or bibabo doll with genuine, sincere interest, but for older children this technique is not only ineffective, but can even cause poorly concealed ridicule.
- Younger and older preschoolers also react differently to the “requests” of the game character: the kids are willing, the older ones are indifferent.
Children 2-3 years old are ready to “help” the toy and “fulfill” its request with some effort. But for this, the toy must literally become closer to the child. First he must take her in his hands, act with her, “talk”, and then, perhaps, want to do something for her. As a result, apart from the effect of novelty, this gaming technique does not have any emotional or playful impact on young children.
- Firstly, this approach is pedagogically incorrect from the point of view of building a game, because:
- Contains a requirement to act out a ready-made plot given by an adult;
- It does not contribute to enriching the content of the play role, since carrying out such work requires reading special literature, which makes it possible to reveal the professional functions of a gardener or artist in a form accessible to children.
Secondly, this gaming technique is also ineffective for solving visual problems, because taking a role does not affect the increase in the level of the child’s ideas about the depicted object and does not contribute to the formation of his visual skills.
The disorder in the use of gaming methods and their inconsistency with the methods of constructing plot-role-playing games at different age stages of preschool childhood does not have a positive effect either on the development of the game or on increasing the effectiveness of learning.
According to research by N.Ya. Mikhailenko and N.A. Korotkova, throughout preschool childhood, children master 3 ways of constructing a role-playing game:
- Subject - effective (early and junior preschool age);
- Role-playing (middle preschool age)
- Plot-complication (senior preschool age)
Each stage of mastering the methods of constructing a game is valuable in itself and is a powerful means of child development and the formation of his personality. In addition, age-appropriate play provides children with incomparable joy and allows adults to effectively guide their actions.
The process of depicting objects and phenomena that do not emotionally affect the child (a ball of thread, rain, etc.) is meaningless for him, and he acts without effort and interest.
But this attitude of children towards learning is quite understandable and justified, but does not contribute to the development of creativity.
How can you make completing educational tasks meaningful and interesting?
For this, a small child, like a person of any age, needs and is important to know that he does not work in vain, and that what he does is necessary for someone. Not necessarily for himself. It's even better if it's different. But to whom? In what world can balls of thread drawn by children or rain be used?
This is the world of children's play. That's where it rains, etc. can be very useful.
The introduction of games into the learning process makes children want to master the proposed educational content and creates motivation.
Game motivation is a serious matter. Why? If only because the work of creating play motivation presupposes the teacher’s ability to play.
Invading a child’s play area is a subtle and delicate matter. For a preschooler, the actions of an adult aimed at his upbringing and education are quite understandable. But when the teacher starts playing with the children, they are quite wary of this: “Will he really play or is he pretending and wants to use the game for some selfish purposes?”
In order to influence children with the help of play motivation, the teacher himself must make the transition from one activity to another, take the position of an “equal” partner. And as you guide children’s activities, do not “slip” from the game, maintaining the playful nature of the activity.
The difficulty in fulfilling this requirement lies in the fact that at each age stage, following changes in the methods of role-playing games, gaming motivation must change.
Consequently, the teacher must be able to create IM, taking into account the methods of constructing a plot-based role-playing game.
Game motivation is a methodological technique that helps guide children’s activities in a playful way and achieve the desired result.
Game motivation should correspond to the age characteristics of children.
Let's consider the features of work on creating play motivation at different age stages.
Junior preschool age
- You say that something happened to some game characters (dolls living in a group, hares running from the forest, etc.) (something has broken, is in danger, or, conversely, a joyful event is coming up). As a result, they urgently need those objects that can be molded, drawn, built, etc.
The characters themselves cannot do this, but they have heard about (or have already seen for themselves) that in this group there are very kind and skillful children who will help them.
- you ask the children if they agree to provide the required assistance, and wait for an answer. It is very important that children express their willingness to help.
- You offer children to teach them to do it very well and also wait for their consent to your help. Now you can count on your showing and proposal to land on prepared ground.
- During work, each child should have his own ward toy character, who is nearby and rejoices along the way, expresses his wishes, etc. Therefore, it is assumed that there is a sufficient number of small volumetric or flat toys in the group.
- You also use these toys to evaluate the children’s work, which is given on behalf of the toys, as if from their position.
- At the end of the work, children must be given the opportunity to play with their charges, using the resulting product when making.
It is advisable that the teacher’s stories should mostly feature the same characters. Then children will love them and acquire a lasting interest in life and upcoming events.
Middle preschool age
When working with children of this age, two types of motivation are used.
The first type involves creating an image for some fictional game characters.
Quite often, children of this age invent playmates for themselves that no one has ever seen: fairies, gnomes and other creatures. This ability in children helps develop healthy imagination and the ability to solve various problems.
To do this, the teacher briefly but quite convincingly tells children about the needs or wants of fictional characters.
Then a game task is set (to help prepare fruits, vegetables for them, count, etc.), and on its basis - an educational task (“I will teach you how to sculpt or draw fruits for them”).
The second type of motivation involves the creation of such an image when children take on a certain role and act in it.
To do this, the teacher invites the children to play. After they agree, the teacher takes on the role of, for example, a bunny mother and asks who the children would like to be in this game. Usually they take on the role of cubs - hares. The teacher agrees with all proposals and, in the course of direct educational activities, addresses the children in accordance with the roles they have accepted. Within 1-2 minutes, you can organize the children’s role-playing (eating carrots, walking through the forest). Then, together with the children acting in the role, first a game task is set (something needs to be done: a fence from the wolf), and then a training task (let's learn how to make this fence).
Senior preschool age
The need to create play motivation continues into older preschool age.
This is due to the fact that children begin to accept learning tasks at first only in cases where the acquired knowledge and skills can be immediately used in games, drawing or other activities that are quite attractive to them. And only towards the end of preschool childhood does it become possible for children to consciously acquire knowledge “for future use” and understand that they will be needed in the future.
Understanding the meaning of educational tasks is necessary not only so that the child completes them (he can do this under the influence of the demands of an adult), but to a greater extent so that he pays special attention to the methods of action and tries to assimilate them.
An effective approach to solving this problem is to use game motivation in classes aimed at exercising self-control in the process of completing a task.
IM is of particular importance in developing the ability of older preschool children to interact with each other.
In addition, problematic situations can help this problem.
The use of problem situations in working with preschoolers has a positive effect on the development of children's creative thinking, cognitive skills and abilities.
A problem situation is a planned, specially conceived means aimed at awakening students’ interest in the topic under discussion. In other words, a problem situation is a situation in which a subject wants to solve problems that are difficult for him, but he lacks data and must look for it himself.
The main goal of creating problem situations is to understand and resolve these situations in the course of joint activities of the teacher and children, with optimal independence of preschoolers and under the general guiding guidance of the teacher, as well as in children acquiring knowledge and general principles for solving problematic problems in the process of such activities.
A correctly created problem situation helps the child:
1) formulates the problem (task) himself;
2) finds its solution himself;
3) decides and
4) self-monitors the correctness of this decision.
Example of a problem situation:
Business game
Group 1 (younger age) – creates gaming motivation for productive activities.
Group 2 (middle age) - creates gaming motivation for cognitive and research activities.
Group 3 (older age) – creates gaming motivation for communicative activities.
