Imagine, you and your child are getting ready to watch a cartoon or an educational program, lay down on the sofa, and suddenly your child asks: “What makes the TV/phone/tablet work?” It seems that the answer is simple - from electricity, but you don’t need to be Nostradamus to predict the next question that will come from a child: “Where does electricity come from?” And here many parents are stupefied, especially those who did not finish physics and mathematics, and their profession is in no way connected with this direction.
Of course, you can answer as simply as the previous question: “Electricity comes from the outlet.” But so that your child receives a complete and clear answer, in an accessible and understandable language, without abstruse formulas and definitions that most physics textbooks are written in, we suggest staying on this page and reading, perhaps not new, but useful and informative information.
What is electricity?
The word “electricity” itself, or more precisely, “electric” force, appeared more than 2000 years ago in Ancient Greece. People have noticed that if you rub amber on wool, the stone begins to attract various small objects. Amber in ancient Greek was called “electron”, hence the name itself.
But the study of the mysterious phenomenon did not progress beyond simple experiments with static electricity among the Ancient Greeks. And the essence of the whole phenomenon began to be revealed much later. Scientists have found that surrounding objects consist of elementary particles: protons and electrons. These two types of particles have an electric charge: the electron has a negative charge, but the proton has a positive charge. Attracted to each other, they closely interact and, depending on the number of protons and electrons, form atoms of different matters.
The protons themselves are located in the nucleus of the atom, but the electrons rotate around them in a circle. Atoms with the same number of protons as the number of electrons have zero charge. For example, if an amber stone lies on its own and no one touches it, then its atoms also have zero charge. But if you rub amber atoms against wool atoms, the electrons from the wool will instantly move to the amber ones, and their “excess” will make the charge negative. Such a pebble with “new strength” begins to attract small objects with a zero or positive charge, and if the object has a negative charge, it will repel them.
History of the invention of electricity
It would be wrong to say that one person discovered electricity. The idea itself existed for thousands of years, and then the era of scientific and commercial exploration began. Many great minds have worked on the question of the nature of electricity.
Thales of Miletus
Around 600 BC e. Greek mathematician Thales discovered that when fur rubs against amber, attraction arises between them. It turned out that it is caused by an imbalance of electrical charges, so-called static electricity.
William Gilbert
The English physicist wrote the book “De Magnete” in 1600. In it, the scientist explained the experiments conducted by Thales of Miletus. The phenomenon of static electricity, which the ancient researcher produced with the help of amber (in Greek 'electrum'), Gilbert called electric force.
This is how the English word electricity appeared. In addition, the scientist invented an electroscope that detected the presence of electrical charges on the body.
Charles Francois Dufay
At the beginning of the 17th century, a French scientist discovered two types of electricity. He called them glassy and resinous (in modern terminology - positive and negative charges). He discovered that objects with the same charges attract, and objects with opposite charges repel.
Benjamin Franklin
In the mid-18th century, Benjamin Franklin conducted numerous experiments studying the nature of electricity. In 1748, he managed to build an electric battery from glass sheets compressed with lead plates. The scientist discovered the principle of charge conservation. In the summer of 1752, Franklin conducted a famous experiment that proved that lightning is electricity.
Luigi Galvani
This Italian physicist and biologist took the lead in the discovery of the phenomenon of bioelectromagnetism. In 1780, he conducted experiments on frogs and found that electricity is the medium through which neurons transmit signals to muscles.
Alessandro Volta
This Italian physicist found that some chemical reactions are sources of direct electric current. He built an electric battery using copper and zinc to produce a continuous flow of electrical charges.
Volta introduced the concepts of electric potential (V) and charge (Q), and expressed the law of capacitance, later named after him. For this work, the unit of measurement of electric potential was named in his honor.
Hans Christian Oersted and Andre-Marie Ampère
At the beginning of the 19th century, Danish physicist Hans Christian Oersted discovered a direct connection between electricity and magnetism. He described how a compass needle is deflected by an electric current.
Inspired by this work, French physicist André-Marie Ampère compiled a formula to describe the magnetic forces that arise between objects carrying current. A unit of measurement of electric current was named in his honor.
Michael Faraday
This scientist:
- laid the foundation for the concept of the electromagnetic field;
- discovered that magnetism affects light rays;
- invented electromagnetic rotation devices.
In 1831, Faraday designed an electric dynamo in which rotary mechanical energy was continuously converted into electrical energy. This made it possible to produce electricity.
Thomas Edison
In 1879, a scientist invented a practical light bulb. Next, he set about developing a system that would provide people with a source of energy to power such lamps. In 1882, the first power station was built in London, which generated electricity and supplied it to people's homes.
A few months later, the first power plant appeared in New York, which supplied electricity to illuminate the lower part of Manhattan Island (85 consumers were able to light 5,000 lamps). It was direct current.
Nikola Tesla
Nikola Tesla at work: Flickr
Tesla is known for developing a new type of alternating current motor and electric power transmission technology. He patented an alternating current system to provide people with the highest quality electricity. Tesla's power systems spread to the United States and Europe, as they provided long-distance high-voltage transmission.
Electric current is an organized group of electrons
But how does electricity live in an outlet if everything is so dispersed in this circuit?
Almost all atoms can lose and gain electrons. So, if some have an excess of them, and others have a deficiency, then the electrons directed by electrical forces will rush to where they are lacking. This flow is called electric current.
Among the concepts familiar to us, electric current is similar to a river, which, spilling into many branches, powers electrical appliances. But before sending this stream of negatively charged particles, do they need to be taken from somewhere?
The best minds of the last millennium struggled with this issue, but the first to make a breakthrough was the Italian scientist Alessandro Volta, who in 1800 invented the first battery, called the “Volta Pillar,” thereby giving the world a reliable source of constant electricity. In gratitude for such a discovery, the scientist’s name was immortalized, and since that time, current voltage has been measured in volts.
Fairy tale "Uncle Tok"
A kind and instructive fairy tale from our author Polina Ignatieva-Kruk will certainly help answer common children’s questions: “Who is Tok?”, “Where does he live?”, “Why can’t you touch sockets and electrical appliances?” Be sure to read it to your baby, and then discuss basic safety rules in a casual conversation. Using the example of fairy tale heroes, it is easy to explain why current can be dangerous and how not to quarrel with it.
Little Vanya grew up as a very curious boy. He was interested in everything: why water flows from the tap, where the sun sleeps, why the tram has “horns ,” why a person has two hands and one nose, for example. But most of all Vanya was interested in what Tok was . Or who is Tok, and why you can’t climb into an outlet. He asked:
-Mom, why can’t you climb into sockets? “There’s current, son,” my mother answered. - Current? Is that his name? – Vanya asked. “Yes, that’s their name,” Mom loved to explain everything to Vanya. – Does he have a last name? - What about it, Vanechka! His last name is Kus! Tok is very evil, and therefore his last name is also evil. - How old is he? – the boy was interested in everything. - He's old, son. He is approximately 200 years old.
Vanya scratched the back of his head and said: “Wow!” It's like going to our grandmother and back. And even more... Mom, where did he come to us from? Why does he live with us? Doesn't he have a home?
Mom smiled and told Vanya the following story. One day, when Tok was very young, he went into the forest. I met a bear there and asked to live with him. I promised him to light the den for this. But the bear said that in winter he sleeps and does not need light. Tok was offended and went to the squirrels. He stood near the hollow and knocked quietly: “Squirrels, knock-knock!” Can I stay with you? I can live in the refrigerator, and then none of your winter supplies will go bad. To which the squirrels answered him: “No, Tok, we don’t need you.” We don't have a refrigerator. And we dry our supplies in the sun in the summer; we don’t need to freeze anything. Look for another house.
Tok became upset and sat down on a tree stump to rest. Suddenly he saw an Owl. “Owl, let’s live together,” suggested Tok, “I will light your way when you fly through the forest at night.” The owl looked at Tok with contempt and snorted: “Why should I light the road at night?” The mice will see me flying and hide. What will I eat then? Or do you want me to stay hungry? Look for other friends,” said the Owl and flew away.
Tok was very angry that no one wanted to be friends with him, he thought and thought and decided to go live with people. He reached the city and knocked on the very first house. - Knock Knock! Hello, I'm Tok Kus. Can I stay with you? - What can you do? – the man asked. “I can light light bulbs, I can heat an iron, I can turn it cold in the refrigerator, I can boil water, I can wash clothes in a machine.” I'm very capable! -Can you do anything else?
Tok thought for a minute. – I can turn on the street lights if it’s dark. I can also light a garland and a star on the New Year tree. “That’s great,” the man rejoiced, “then come in, please, we’ll live together.” Where will you sit - on the sofa or maybe in the closet? Choose!
Tok sighed and said: “In the forest, a bear, squirrels and an owl offended me very much.” I am very angry with them, so I would really like to hide and never have anyone touch me. I guess I'll go live in an outlet. I will serve you, help you in everything, but I have one condition: never look into my outlet, otherwise I will get angry and might bite a curious person’s finger. And if I’m offended, I’ll leave altogether. There will be no light in your house, no cold in the refrigerator, no heat in the iron.
-What are you, what are you, dear Tok! – the man was almost afraid that such a valuable guest would be able to leave. – Stay with us! For this we promise never to disturb you.
That's what they agreed on. This is how man and Tok still live. – Did you like the fairy tale, Vanechka? – I really liked it, mom. I, too, will not offend Tok and will never interfere with sockets so that he does not leave us. I now know that the evil Kus lives there. “That’s right, son,” the mother stroked the boy’s hair. “Let’s go and drink some tea and jam, and Uncle Tok will help us boil the kettle.”
Dear readers! Did your baby like our fairy tale? Maybe you have your own interesting stories about how to teach children about the benefits of electricity and teach them to follow safety rules? We are waiting for your comments.
If you have your own fairy tales, send them to this address, we will be happy to publish the best ones.
We bring to your attention programs of developmental classes with therapy dogs, depending on the age of the child and your wishes:
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Where does electricity come from?
Despite the fact that the “Volta Pillar” made a breakthrough in the science of that time, over the next 200 years a lot of more global discoveries were made and many ways to produce electric current were discovered, for which huge structures were built and the latest technologies were used! And now, in order.
TPP - thermal power plant
To generate current, a turboelectric generator is installed at the thermal power plant, consisting of:
- the fixed part is a stator in the form of a bipolar magnet;
- a rotating rotor, which is wound with copper wire, since this metal is considered the best and most accessible conductor.
The continuous rotation of the magnet constantly changes the polarity (poles) causing the electrons in the wire to move, as in the example with amber and wool, only on a larger scale. But for this whole mechanism to work and electricity to be generated, “something” must spin a huge turbine. For this purpose, huge boilers are installed at thermal power plants that heat water to 450 ℃, causing it to turn into steam. Next, under high pressure, steam flows from the boiler onto the blades attached to the rotor, and starts it into operation at an incredible speed - 3000 revolutions per minute!
NPP - nuclear power plant
Here, just like in the thermal power plant, a turboelectric generator is installed, but the very dangerous, but energy-efficient Uranium-235 is responsible for heating the water. In order for it to release heat, huge nuclear reactors are built at nuclear power plants, in which Uranium-235 breaks down into small particles, which generates a large amount of energy used to heat water to steam and start a turboelectric generator.
HPP - hydroelectric power station
A safer, but no less effective way to obtain energy. Although it will require the construction of a whole chain of hydraulic structures in order to create the necessary water pressure to ensure the operation of the turbines of the electric generator. And then the principle is the same as in the previous two power plants: the rotor rotates and electricity is generated.
Wind stations
They look majestic and beautiful, and even in ancient times, with the help of the power of the wind, huge mechanisms such as windmills were put into operation.
In the modern world, they decided to improve this mechanism and use it to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. The principle is as follows: the wind pushes huge blades, which put the generator rotor into operation, and it, as we know from the example of the first three power plants, produces current.
But in this way, with the help of one wind generator, you cannot provide even a small town with electricity, which is why a whole network of huge mechanisms, consisting of 100 or more units, is installed.
What is electricity and where does it come from?
What do they think of when they hear the word “electricity” or “electric”? Outlets, power lines, transformers or welders, lightning, batteries and chargers come to mind. Of course, there is a lot of electricity in modern civilization. Moreover, it exists in nature. But what do we know about him?
Electricity is the process of movement of charged particles under the influence of an electromagnetic field:
- in one direction (direct current);
- with periodic changes of direction (alternating current).
The term is of Greek origin, and "electron" means 'amber'. It was first used by the ancient Greek philosopher Thales.
When we insert a plug into a socket, turn on an electric kettle or press a switch, an electrical circuit is closed between the source and receiver of electricity, thanks to which the electric charge gets a path to move, for example, along the spiral of the kettle. The process can be described as follows:
- The source of electricity is a socket.
- Electric current is an electric charge that moves through a conductor (for example, the spiral of a teapot).
- The conductor connects the socket to the consumer with two wires: along one of them the charge moves to the consumer, and along the second to the socket.
- In the case of alternating current, the wires change roles 50 times per second.
The source of energy for the movement of charges (that is, the source of electricity) in cities is power plants. They generate electricity using powerful generators, the rotor of which is driven by a nuclear installation or power plant (for example, a hydraulic turbine).
Power Lines: Freepick
Power plant transformers supply ultra-high alternating voltages of 110, 220, or 500 kilovolts to high-voltage power lines (PTLs). Having reached the step-down substations, it is reduced to the level of the household network - 220 volts. This is the voltage in our sockets, which we use every day, without thinking about the length of the path it travels.
Is it possible to store electricity for domestic purposes? Yes, we use this too. Conversion into chemical energy, namely batteries, helps with this. Chemical reactions between electrodes (substances and solutions that conduct current) create a current when the external circuit is closed to the consumer. The larger the electrode area, the more current can be obtained.
Using different electrode materials and the number of cells connected in the battery, different voltages can be generated. For example, in a lithium-ion battery, the standard voltage per cell is 3.7 volts. It works like this:
- Lithium ions with positive charges during the discharge move in the electrolyte from the anode (positive electrode) of copper and graphite to the cathode (negative electrode) of aluminum.
- During charging, a reverse movement occurs, and graphite-lithium compounds are formed, that is, energy is stored in the form of a chemical compound.
Such a battery operates fully for about 1000 charge-discharge cycles.
Battery: Freepick
In the modern world, everyone is accustomed to the fact that electricity is always available in the house. Thousands of people work every day to ensure that its sources operate smoothly.
A little history
The world's first public power plant, Pearl Street, was built in New York in 1882. It was designed and installed by none other than Thomas Edison. And he didn’t even charge a fee for using the generated electricity until the entire mechanism worked smoothly and without interruptions.
But the “great-grandmother” of all stations could light only 10,000 lamps, although even at that time this was something supernatural. At the same time, modern power plants produce thousands of times more, providing electricity to cities with a population of 100,000 people!
How does electric current enter homes?
After power plants generate current, it travels through a cable to a distribution substation for measurement and conversion. Transformers installed there increase the voltage to 10,000 volts. Thanks to this voltage, current is transmitted over long distances with minimal losses at an incredible speed of up to 3000 km per second!
Then the current flows to a step-down substation, where transformers reduce the voltage to 220 volts - the standard adopted in the Russian Federation. And then the electricity is sent to the city’s distribution networks, and from there to your house and apartment. This is the difficult path he takes to charge our phone, light a light bulb or make the refrigerator work.
A therapeutic fairy tale. Fairytale therapy for children
Problem: - safety rules
Alyosha was sitting at home one day. Mom didn't allow him to go for a walk because it was raining outside and it was very cold. Alyosha lay in his room on the carpet and played war. When he had defeated all the enemies, he became bored and began to look around in search of something interesting to do. At first he wanted to climb onto the windowsill, but then he remembered that he couldn’t climb high. And there was nothing interesting on the floor. He closed his eyes and began to play the “dark maze”. Alyosha crawled on all fours along the wall and, bumping into toys with his hands, tried to guess what he had found. He crawled and crawled, and suddenly his hand came across something round. Alyosha opened his eyes and saw a socket. She looked like a funny little face with two round eyes. He looked at her for a long time. The holes were like two mysterious caves.
“Interesting,” thought Alyosha. - What if someone lives there?
He, of course, remembered that his mother strictly forbids touching the sockets, because they contain electric current. But the holes were dark and mysterious. Alyosha tried to look there first with one eye, then with the other. Then he pressed his ear to the socket and closed his eyes: what if magical people live there, who are now hiding in the dark and whispering?
But it was quiet inside. Alyosha opened his eyes and was surprised. It was dark all around. A mysterious light flickered far ahead. He was so beautiful and looked like a small distant star. Alyosha was delighted and ran to meet him. He ran and ran, and the light was getting closer. Suddenly Alyosha noticed that another one had appeared next to him. And again, and again. There were as many lights as there were stars in the sky. They sparkled and shimmered like festive fireworks.
- How beautiful! - thought Alyosha. The lights floated towards him. There was already a whole cloud of them. Alyosha stopped and squinted. In the darkness he saw tiny figures. This sparkling cloud was hovering just above them.
- These are little people! – the boy suddenly realized.
These really were magical people. In their hands they had tiny sharp sticks, at the tips of which fiery sparks sparkled. And the eyes of the little men also burned brightly in the darkness. Only their faces were terrible. As soon as Alyosha saw their evil, wrinkled faces, he immediately wanted to run away from here, as far as possible.
He ran along a dark road, and behind him the light grew stronger and brighter. Alyosha saw that he was running along a black stone wall. Behind the wall, something hummed and growled, as if thousands of terrible evil animals were rushing to freedom there.
Screams were also heard from behind. The sparkling crowd was approaching with incredible speed. Alyosha ran with all his might, but the little men overtook him. They were already reaching for his feet and stinging him with their sharp spears. Alyosha ran and ran, and two light circles appeared ahead. The closer they became, the more clearly Alyosha understood that these were two windows of an electrical outlet, through which magical forces pulled him into this dark kingdom. And the evil little men, like ants, were already crawling over him and painfully stabbing him with their fiery sticks. Alyosha closed his eyes and with the last of his strength jumped into the socket hole.
He sits on the floor: his clothes are burnt in some places, all full of holes, his burnt skin hurts, and sparks flicker in the depths of the socket. And a quiet evil voice is heard:
- Come, come to the outlet! - Well, I do not! – Alyosha answered and crawled away from the outlet. “I won’t go near electricity now.”
He sat on the floor and, limping, went to his mother. From then on he never touched the socket again. Author Irina Gurina
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How does current make electrical appliances work?
But how does current manage to power electrical devices? For a visual understanding, let's take a regular incandescent lamp as a basis and return to our small particles.
As electrons travel at incredible speeds through the light bulb's spiral, they continually collide with the metal atoms that make up the spiral. The atoms wobble and their temperature rises greatly. Thus, the electric current heats the lamp spiral to 3000 degrees, causing it to begin to glow. This is why the use of any metal is not suitable for the spiral, because it will simply melt due to the high temperature.
Modern devices - mobile phones, TVs, microwave ovens - use more complex circuits, but the principle remains the same: due to the rapid flow of particles, the atoms of the conductors heat up, which releases energy and starts the devices to work.
Teddy bear and electricity. Fairy tale
Next to the forest where our Mishutka lived, there was a small lake.
One day strange people came to the lake. On a huge truck they brought a metal box from which thick twisted ropes stuck out in all directions. People called this box a generator among themselves and decided where it was best to install it. Mishutka watched them from behind the thick raspberry bushes and tried to remember the word they kept repeating. Then he quietly got out of the thickets and ran to his mother. - Mom, mom, people came to our lake and brought it with them. Well, tell me, what is it called? Gerator, negetor, tarator. “Mishutka tried with all his might, but the word was so difficult that it was on the tip of his tongue and didn’t want to form the correct sounds at all.
— Generator, Mishutka, this is a generator.
- Mom, why is it needed? — the little bear puffed and diligently repeated, “This gera-geranator.” Generator. Phew, it worked. - and he smiled contentedly.
- It is needed in order to produce electricity. Do you know what this is?
“No,” the bear cub sniffled.
- Well, listen. You and I live in the forest, we eat honey that bees give us, various roots and berries. Look how many of them grow in the forest. And in the fall we go to bed and sleep until spring, until the sun begins to shine brightly. We don't need light in our den because we spend all day outside. And we eat food raw. But people are not like that at all. They sleep only at night, cook food on the stove, and go to work during the day. They live in large houses, where they use electricity. It runs to them via thin wires and lights up light bulbs in every apartment.
- Mommy, you are saying some wrong words! What are light bulbs?
- Oh, Mishutka, how curious you are! Light bulbs are small glass things of different shapes. They can be round, like an apple, or elongated, like plums, or spiral-shaped, like a snake, but most often they are pear-shaped.
- Can they be as long as sticks? — Mishutka sat down more comfortably on the grass.
- Both like sticks and like stars. Different, different.
- I wonder, how does this littricism happen, oh, electricity gets into the light bulbs?
- Oh, you are in a hurry. Listen to me and don't interrupt. Everything that surrounds us consists of tiny atoms. Atoms are like houses where several brothers live. One is called Core, he is the oldest, the most obedient and always does positive things. The core sits in the house and does not run away from it. Therefore, it is called a positively charged particle. And his brothers are unhearing, they call them Electrons. They constantly jump, run and don't listen to anyone. They called them negatively charged particles. When Electrons get really wild, they start jumping from one atom to another, and that's when electricity arises. Electricity is energy and it is transmitted through wires in the form of electric current. Current loves everything around him to be bright and beautiful, so he charges light bulbs and other devices with his energy. They begin to burn and work.
- Why does he like everything to be bright? — Mishutka’s nose itched with curiosity.
— Probably because the word electron, from which current is obtained, comes from the word amber. And amber is small pieces of resin. They glow and shine like the sun's rays.
- Mommy, thank you, you told everything so interestingly, I understood everything. Can I run to the lake and see if people installed electricity there or not? - and Mishutka began jumping on the spot with impatience.
- Oh, hurry up, run, just not for long. Night will soon come and I will worry. There was a large tent on the shore, with many wires running to it from the generator. All the walls and roof of the tent were decorated with hundreds of small light bulbs. Mishutka opened his mouth in surprise and at that time a man waved his hand and shouted:
You can’t imagine how beautiful the forest has become. Multi-colored lights ran one after another, shimmered with red and green light, then went out for a second and flashed even brighter with bright yellow and orange lightning. A blue color appeared from somewhere, flashed and became bright lilac. Everything sparkled and glittered so much that Mishutka could not take his eyes off this spectacle. Then he whispered quietly:
- Oh, how beautiful. What will happen here?
But I’ll tell you what will happen here next time.
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Not only a friend, but also an enemy!
Of course, electricity is an important and irreplaceable invention for all mankind. With its help people:
- they have made and are making a lot of discoveries every day;
- treat diseases that were fatal in the past;
- drive electric vehicles without polluting the environment with exhaust gases;
- can travel the world, learn and see sights without leaving home!
All the benefits of electricity simply cannot be described in one article!
But with all this, the current can be dangerous and in a split second take the life of any living creature.
By the way, an interesting fact. Birds that sit on high-voltage wires do not receive a shock due to the fact that they receive the same voltage as in the cable itself. The fact is that they sit only on one phase, but if suddenly the bird’s tail or other part of the body touches the ground, a pole or another wire, the current will immediately hit it.
Fairy tale “How the fox and the wolf learned about electricity”
The fairy tale of how the fox and the wolf learned about electricity.
goals: to give children an idea of electricity , electricity ; expand children’s understanding of where electricity and how it helps people; establish rules for safe behavior when handling household electrical appliances ; cultivate a desire to save energy , develop an interest in understanding the world.
In one forest there lived a Fox and everything would have been fine if not for this story that happened to her. One day she decided to visit the chicken coop, crept closer and saw that something was shining - it was a light. Jumping back in fear, she broke the electrical wire and the light went out . There was a commotion in the chicken coop. She was overcome by curiosity and wanted to touch this wire, but the woodpecker, who was sitting on an electric pole and hollowing out a hollow for himself , managed to warn the Fox in time about the danger. To find out what electricity , the woodpecker advised to contact the Wise Owl, who would certainly tell her about it.
The fox smiled slyly and decided to take the woodpecker’s advice, and the woodpecker hurried to send his telegram about the damage to the email. wires to people who troubleshoot problems, electricians . And the Fox is already in a hurry to go to Aunt Owl’s lesson at the forest school. On the way, she met the Wolf and told him that happened to her .
And so they came to school together, where the forest animals were already sitting in class and listening to her story . The Wolf and the Fox also sat down and began to listen.
Electricity is our friend and helper , but it can turn into an enemy. Aunt Owl talked about the rules for safe handling of electrical appliances using pictures . Then she introduced the rules:
2. You cannot pull the electrical wire ; you only need to pick up the plug.
3. Under no circumstances should you approach or touch exposed wires. This is life-threatening.
4. Do not touch electrical appliances .
5. Do not insert any objects into the socket. Carnations and fingers... Not plugging electricity into an outlet is dangerous : everyone should know this.
6. Do not use electrical appliances with damaged wires.
The Fox and the Wolf listened carefully and remembered. At the end of the lesson, Aunt Owl gave her students magical electrical items . Lisa-Patrikeevna chose an electric iron to iron her outfits. The wolf liked the electric kettle . He invited the forest dwellers to tea.
Synopsis of an integrated educational activity for children 6–7 years old “The Magic Light Bulb” Abstract of an integrated educational activity for familiarization with the outside world and experimentation for children 6–7 years old, as part of participation in the Republican.
Lesson summary for the senior group “Electricity in people’s lives” “Electricity in people’s lives” Purpose: To give an idea of electricity. Familiarize yourself with the rules for using electrical appliances. Develop.
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Rules for safe handling of electricity for children
Young children do not understand the dangers of handling electricity. Of course, we are now not talking about toys powered by 12-volt batteries, but about a dangerous and powerful “beast” that lives in sockets. Therefore, children should not be left near sockets without special plugs, and even without parental supervision.
For older children, it is worth having a conversation and explaining the following rules. It is forbidden:
- Place or hang foreign objects on the device cable.
- Twist the cable into knots.
- Use dirty wire.
- Use an electrical appliance near heat sources: radiators, stoves, ovens, etc.
- Plug several powerful devices into one outlet at the same time. Show your child where and how you can see the power, or make a list in advance of what you can turn on and what you can’t.
- Use or try to repair a broken electrical appliance, including if the insulation (integrity) of the cable is broken, the plug is damaged, etc.
- Handle the device or cable with wet hands.
- Pull the cord (you need to unplug the device from the outlet while holding the plug).
Unforeseen situations may also arise:
- sparks from the socket;
- smoke from a cable or device;
- burning smell, etc.
In this case, it is necessary to show the child where the electrical panel is and how to turn it off, and explain that after a power outage it is necessary to call one of the adults.
