The way in which the labor education of preschool children is organized is of great importance. Success in the coming adult life, future practical skills, a responsible attitude to work, a conscious approach to choosing a profession are formed through the joint activities of preschool children and mentors.
Labor education in preschool educational institutions is a means by which:
- basic positive personal qualities and the child’s psychological readiness for adult work are formed;
- pupils develop mental and physical abilities;
- During the lessons, positive, friendly relationships are formed, children get used to working collectively, and learn to appreciate the work of their elders and peers.
The main areas of work activity of preschoolers
For a kindergarten teacher, task number one is to help children get acquainted with the world of adults. Children must learn to perform simple actions themselves: wash their hands and face, sweep the floor, do laundry. Parents do not always realize that the basis of all their child’s skills are labor skills that form independence, determination, and diligence. These qualities will then help the child quickly and easily find his place in society.
The main goal of labor education of children in kindergarten, according to the Federal State Educational Standard, is to develop in them a positive attitude towards work. This can be achieved only by taking into account the age characteristics of the pupils. The type and complexity of the activity in which they are planned to be involved depends on the age of the children.
What goals does the teacher pursue in teaching preschoolers:
- awaken in children a desire to help adults, instill in them a positive attitude towards work;
- desire to deepen and improve work skills;
- achieve a strong habit of employment, responsibility, careful attitude towards one’s own and other people’s products of labor;
- lay the foundations of the ability to organize your work;
- teach children a friendly attitude towards the activities of others, the ability, if necessary, to make tactful comments, and evaluate the results of their activities and the work of a friend.
In accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard, labor activities of preschoolers occur in the following areas:
- mastering self-care skills, which is important for any age group;
- skills in everyday life and housekeeping, work in nature are also characteristic of both the younger group and the preparatory group;
- manual labor is present in the senior and preparatory groups.
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Work on developing labor skills should be closely related to creativity. To discover the talents of a creative person, seeing joy in work is a necessary condition.
SELF-CARE: Tasks and content of work in groups
1st junior group
1. To develop in children the ability to take care of themselves independently (while undressing, dressing, washing, eating).
2. Continue to teach children under the supervision of an adult, and then wash your hands yourself when they become dirty and before eating, wipe your face and hands dry with a personal towel.
3. Learn to put yourself in order with the help of an adult.
4. To develop the skill of using individual objects (handkerchief, napkin, towel, comb, pot).
5. Encourage children to be independent when eating, teach them to hold a spoon in their right hand.
6. Teach children how to dress and undress.
7. Learn to take off clothes and shoes (unfasten front buttons, Velcro fasteners) with a little help from an adult.
8. Learn to carefully fold removed clothes in a certain order.
9. Learn to put on clothes and shoes correctly.
2nd junior group
1. Continue teaching children to dress and undress independently in a certain sequence (putting on and taking off clothes, unbuttoning and fastening buttons, folding, hanging clothes, etc.).
2. Develop neatness, the ability to notice disorder in clothing and eliminate it with a little help from adults.
3. Continue to teach how to use soap correctly, carefully wash your hands, face, ears; Wipe yourself dry after washing, hang the towel back, use a comb and a handkerchief.
4. Learn to use tablespoons, teaspoons, forks, and napkins correctly.
Middle group
1. Improve the ability to dress and undress independently; teach to neatly fold and hang clothes with the help of an adult, put them in order - clean, dry
2. Cultivate the desire to always be neat and tidy.
3. Cultivate the habit of washing yourself, washing your hands before eating, when dirty, and after using the toilet.
4. Strengthen the ability to use a comb and handkerchief.
5. When coughing and sneezing, teach people to turn away and cover their nose and mouth with a tissue.
6. Continue to teach how to use cutlery correctly - spoon, fork, knife).
7. Learn to rinse your mouth after eating
Senior group
1. Form the habit of brushing your teeth and washing your face every day, and washing your hands as necessary.
2. Strengthen the ability to dress and undress independently, carefully put clothes in a closet, dry wet things in a timely manner, care for shoes (wash, wipe, clean, put away).
3. Learn to notice and independently eliminate disorder in your appearance.
4. Form the habit of taking care of personal belongings.
5. Develop a desire to help each other
6. Train yourself to brush your teeth and keep your nails clean.
7. Maintain order in your closet, put clothes in certain places
8. Learn to make your bed neatly
Preparatory group
1. Strengthen the ability to dress and undress independently in a certain sequence, correctly and neatly put clothes in the closet, put shoes in place, dry wet things in a timely manner, care for shoes (wash, wipe, clean).
2. Learn to notice and independently eliminate problems in your appearance, tactfully tell a friend about a problem in his suit or shoes, and help eliminate it. Develop qualities such as responsiveness and mutual assistance.
3. Learn to independently prepare materials and manuals for the lesson
4. Get into the habit of brushing your teeth, rinsing your mouth after eating, and washing your feet before going to bed.
By the end of the year, children can: dress and undress, keep their clothes in order, and, if necessary, put them in order.
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Labor education in relation to different age groups
Preschool age is the best time to develop basic self-care skills, certain skills, and observation. With each stage, the load becomes more complex and requires appropriate actions from the guys. Adults need to remember about age-related characteristics, show patience and kindness, so as not to cause denial in the child.
- The child's fingers are not yet sufficiently developed and do not obey him well.
- The sequence of actions is also not given to the baby; it is difficult to remember everything the first time.
- A younger preschooler will not be able to attract volitional efforts to help; these abilities are still just being formed.
Teachers usually know which teaching methods are appropriate for each age group. They have the responsibility to give recommendations to parents so that children develop harmoniously.
Taking into account the physiological and psychological characteristics of pupils, you need to remember that for children 3-4 years old, the optimal duration of work is 10-15 minutes . Children aged 6-7 years do physical exercise for a maximum of half an hour. The condition of each baby must be monitored. Pay attention to sweating and redness of the skin, when they appear it is better to change your occupation. To prevent children from getting tired, it is better to move on to other activities after 10-15 minutes. When dosing them, be sure to take into account the volume of physical activity and its complexity.
Mathematical quests for preparatory groups, KVN and puzzles
Labor education in the younger group
Children 3-4 years old are active, often talking about their desire to participate in one activity or another. But they get tired quickly, it is difficult for them to concentrate, so you should not overload them. The assignments of adults in the younger group are more individual in nature; the student will only need to hang up towels or arrange the cutlery for dinner.
Points to consider:
- labor education is situational in nature, for a three-year-old the main thing is that the tasks are simple and understandable;
- children should be praised for any success;
- In order for the child to understand the meaning of his actions, the teacher needs to explain the tasks and evaluate the results;
- Before doing anything, the child needs to observe how an adult copes with it; then the child’s actions follow with step-by-step comments from the teacher.
The main method of working on labor education with children 3-4 years old is personal example. The guys watch the actions of their elders, manual labor, various exercises are carried out in a playful way. Knowledge is consolidated through the example of such famous works as “Fedorino’s grief” or “Moidodyr”.
Labor education in the middle group
By the age of four, the baby will be able to handle sweeping paths or washing doll clothes. The tasks gradually become more complex, and the children already have some self-organization skills. They can be entrusted with duty in the dining room or preparing for classes; the children are quite capable of performing simple care for animals in a corner of nature.
In the working method it is important:
- note the child’s desire to help;
- the work is carried out in a playful way (application and design, rules of behavior in various situations are reinforced through role-playing games);
- visual aids are used;
- Conversations are held about the content of future actions and relationships.
Labor education in the senior group
Collective assignments are already being used with children aged 5-7 years. When interacting with each other, children learn to coordinate efforts, agree on something, and share responsibilities among themselves. Playing for children is still the main activity, but they meet the teacher halfway, help replace bed linen in the bedroom or collect leaves on the site.
It is important for the teacher to organize the workspace and equipment. Shovels and watering cans should be bright and comfortable to make children want to play with them. Elegant aprons will create a feeling of celebration. The duration of classes should not be overtiring.
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The main goal of the labor development process in preschool educational institutions is to develop a respectful attitude towards the activities of adults, familiarity with the main professions, understanding of their significance, and the desire to help.
Labor education in the preparatory group
For older preschoolers, work takes on a systematic nature and becomes more numerous. Children repair books or boxes and sew buttons on their own. Under the supervision of the teacher, they prepare the necessary manuals for classes, counting material, and cut out specified elements from plastic bottles. The guys themselves notice the disorder in the area, water the flowers, and remove fallen leaves.
Theme “Beautiful Flowers” for drawing lessons in middle groups
In the seventh year of life, pupils help set the table for dinner, the attendants monitor the availability of soap and towels, the quality of hand washing, and look after the living area.
The meaning of child labor and its types
Developing labor skills in a child is of great importance in shaping his physical and moral development. Children, mastering different types of work, gradually become more confident and physically stronger.
The labor process disciplines children and develops in them a sense of responsibility for themselves and their actions.
The importance of work in the lives of children
The types of labor depend on what the goal is and what the tasks of the labor process are:
- self-care: the child must have basic self-care skills;
- household skills;
- be able to work outdoors;
- manual labor.
Two main tasks of labor education
All types of labor are aimed at ensuring that children can master all the features of the world around them, develop the ability to think, hone their memory, study the purpose and learn to work with different tools, and become familiar with the rules for using materials. Children should master the content of the labor process by following the example of adults, imitating them, and adopting certain labor skills.
By mastering different types of work, preschoolers broaden their horizons and develop respect for their elders.
Hygiene control, SanPiN requirements
with the education of a proper attitude towards fauna and flora in connection with the new requirements of SanPiN . Labor in nature is actually prohibited; children can only water flowers; parrots and fish have no place in the group’s premises. If previously the children made their own beds, now this responsibility falls on the assistant teacher. Not everyone has grandmothers in rural areas, so children have no idea how cucumbers and apples grow. Without practice, they become not colleagues, but observers of the work of parents and teachers.
Hygienic conditions are certainly important for the proper organization of children’s activities. Classes should take place in a room with good lighting and ventilation. The teacher must draw the children's attention to body position, teach them to monitor their posture, and take advantage of the slightest opportunity to exercise outside in good weather.
For manual labor, safe materials and tools are needed; they must be appropriate for the age of the students, be comfortable, and attractive in appearance.
Interaction with parents
Success in cultivating hard work can be achieved provided that the preschool educational institution and the family work together . In individual meetings and conversations, the teacher talks about the requirements and the work that is carried out within the kindergarten. Parents need specific recommendations on the maintenance and organization of children's work at home.
For this purpose, we have prepared a separate material “Recommendations on labor education for parents.”
Not all parents understand that they can expect high-quality completion of a task from their child only when they have shown and explained how and what needs to be done, that it is impossible to punish with work, it is important to notice the efforts and thank them. For children's assistance, it is necessary to create the necessary conditions, which include a convenient place and equipment; the activity itself must involve the child in the activities of the family.
In light of the new requirements of SanPiN, parents could help in landscaping the area with safe plants on their day off or in the evening. It will be useful to demonstrate children's crafts and drawings. You can organize visual photo exhibitions with interesting comments, where the kids’ work will be demonstrated. At thematic stands, teachers should place books on education recommended to parents. Here it is also possible to popularize the positive experience of parents from the group.
The importance of work in education is difficult to overestimate. The joint task of adults is to remember that the child may not be able to cope or may be afraid to make a mistake. Parents and educators should encourage any attempt to work , support the pride and confidence of the student that he is an adult and capable of good, great deeds.
ALGORITHMS FOR FAMILIARIZING CHILDREN WITH HOUSEHOLD WORK BY GROUPS
Literature
- Voronkevich O. A. Welcome to ecology. - SPb.: CHILDREN'S PRESS, 2006.
- Golitsina N. S. Organization and conduct of thematic control in preschool educational institutions. - M.: Scriptorium, 2004.
- Golitsina N. S. Organization and content of the work of a senior preschool teacher. - M.: Scriptorium, 2008.
- Kozlova S. A., Kulikova T. A. Preschool pedagogy. - M.: Academy, 2002.
- Methodological recommendations for the program of education and training in kindergarten / Ed. M. A. Vasilyeva, V. V. Gerbova, T. S. Komarova. - M.: Publishing house "Education of preschoolers", 2008.
- Prikhodko E. G., Malyshevich T. V. A new model of educational activities of a teacher in a preschool educational institution. - Krasnodar: World of Kuban, 2006.
Material provided by the magazine PRESCHOOL PEDAGOGY, November 2010
