In connection with the entry into force of new legislative acts (Federal Law No. 273 of December 29, 2012 “On Education in the Russian Federation” and the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education), there is a need to revise and bring into compliance all documentation of a preschool institution, including the documentation of a preschool educational psychologist .
This article will discuss the work programs of an educational psychologist.
Leading needs of a preschooler
In the process of its development, a child in preschool age faces a number of contradictions that arise against the background of new needs. At this age, the baby has the following basic needs :
- gaining new experiences;
- physical activity;
- communication.
By communicating with people, the child constantly discovers new knowledge and skills. Gaining social experience occurs through proactive perception, and not through a passive method.
New experiences contribute to the development of a child’s cognitive abilities. Exploring the real world develops curiosity. Older preschoolers gradually begin to develop an interest in learning.
At this time, special attention should be paid to the psychological development of the child. Retardation can be caused by the following factors :
- behavioral deviations - hostility, lies;
- emotional-personal problems - feelings of fear, bad mood and increased anxiety;
- neurological abnormalities - sleep disturbances, fatigue;
- problems with communication - excessive touchiness, detachment, constant desire to be a leader;
- intellectual retardation - inability to concentrate, difficulty understanding new material.
If there are such problems, parents should adjust the baby’s behavior, engage with him more and monitor his development. Otherwise, deviations in cognitive and mental processes may occur in the future.
