Didactic material on teaching fire safety measures and rules
Didactic material is a special type of teaching aids, mainly visual, demonstrated by the teacher in front of the whole class (group). The use of didactic material helps to intensify the educational activities of students and save study time.
In the process of teaching fire safety measures and rules in preschool organizations and general education organizations, the following didactic material can be used:
— elements of fire protection systems for buildings and structures;
— primary fire extinguishing agents;
- individual protection means;
— fire and rescue equipment;
— didactic materials related to fire issues (books, printed materials (posters, coloring books, instructions, etc.), videos, filmstrips, audio files, etc.).
Poster “Matches are not toys!”
Fire-fighting crafts are aimed at strengthening safe life skills. Very often, parents and children follow the path of least resistance and use matches in crafts.
Inspectors from the Ministry of Emergency Situations and the All-Russian Fire Department categorically do not recommend doing this! Because now the child has glued a match to give “vitality” to the drawing, and then he decides to set fire to the piece of paper in order to stick it, burnt, also for vitality. Therefore, no matter how much you want to save time and effort in this way, it is better not to take risks.
The correct handling of matches is taught in posters, which can be done in groups at school and in kindergarten.
Take a sheet of whatman paper in format A 1 or A 3. Create a “match”. It can be cut out of paper. You can draw with a felt-tip pen, gouache or watercolor.
We paint the flame with paints or create an applique using a stencil from colored paper. If the flame is not glued completely, but only at the beginning or end, you will get a three-dimensional applique. We supplement the poster with the inscription “Matches are not toys!” You need to try to correctly calculate the place for the letters. To do this, we measure the distance that we have for the inscription.
We count all letters, punctuation marks and spaces in a word. Divide the distance in centimeters by the number of characters. We get the distance that we can allocate to one letter. Divide the segment into equal rectangular parts. Now we can draw the letters using a ruler. Since the letters are all straight, we will only have to draw the central and middle details with a ruler.
Organization of a classroom, fire safety corner
One of the most common emergencies is fire. As a rule, in extreme conditions people lose the ability to adequately respond to what is happening. Therefore, in order to avoid tragedy, it is necessary to inform people in advance about actions during a fire. This information should be visual, accessible and easy to remember. For this purpose, classes and fire safety corners can be created in preschool educational organizations and general education organizations. At the same time, their creation and functional content are not regulated by regulatory legal acts and normative documents.
The fire safety class can accommodate:
— elements of fire protection systems for buildings and structures;
— primary fire extinguishing agents;
- individual protection means;
— fire and rescue equipment;
— didactic materials related to fire issues (books, printed materials (posters, leaflets, instructions, etc.), videos, filmstrips, audio files, etc.).
One of the effective methods of achieving the goal of informing people about actions during a fire is to design and place a fire safety corner in a visible place with good traffic.
There are a variety of types, types, design options for fire safety corners, methods of printing them, methods of placement (floor-mounted, wall-mounted, mobile).
The fire safety corner should reflect the specifics of the organization’s activities and may contain both methodological and handout material.
The following information can be presented at the fire safety corner stands: evacuation plan, instructions on fire safety measures, liability for violation of fire safety requirements, procedures for action in case of fire, fire safety requirements, instructions on the use of primary fire extinguishing equipment, fire safety signs, etc. .
Examples of the design of a fire safety corner are presented in Figures 1 – 3.
Rice. 1. Example of design of a fire safety corner
Rice. 2. Example of design of a fire safety corner
Rice. 3. Example of design of a fire safety corner
QUESTIONS FOR SELF-CONTROL
- In accordance with what regulatory document on fire safety is training in fire safety measures carried out?
- What document regulates the frequency of practical training on evacuating people from buildings of preschool educational organizations and general education organizations?
- Who monitors the organization of fire safety training for employees of preschool educational organizations and general education organizations in accordance with Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated December 12, 2007 No. 645?
- What is the nature of training students in fire safety measures?
- The frequency of practical training on evacuating people from buildings of preschool educational organizations and general education organizations is?
- What information can be placed on the fire safety corner stands?
- What are the objectives of conducting practical training on evacuating people from buildings of preschool educational organizations and general education organizations?
- Should an evacuation plan be developed for buildings of preschool educational organizations and general education organizations?
- Who should report the discovery of a fire in the building of a preschool educational organization or general education organization to the fire department?
- What information must be reported to the fire department when a fire or signs of burning are detected?
- When does the process of evacuation of students and staff from the buildings of preschool educational organizations and general education organizations begin in case of fire?
- What actions does the staff of preschool educational organizations and general education organizations take after completing the fire evacuation process?
- What is taken into account when conducting fire safety training?
- What is the basis of fire safety training?
- Indicate the sequence of actions of staff, pupils and students of a preschool educational organization, general education organization upon detection of a fire or signs of combustion, which consists of the following elements: a) checking the presence of pupils, students, staff of a preschool educational organization, general education organization; b) collection at a predetermined place; c) fire warning signal; d) evacuation
To the competition
Children try to make beautiful and original crafts that will be presented at the competition.
First you need to decide on the topic:
- "Fire in the Forest";
- "Children and Fire";
- “Fire is our enemy and friend” and so on.
At the second stage, kids make crafts. For example: a model of a helicopter for extinguishing fires, a fire truck made of buttons, or an original volumetric exhibition.
For kindergarten
For the middle group
For the older group
For schoolchildren
Pupils in grades 3–4 make complex applications. Children can already sew a figurine of a rescuer and dress him up in firefighter clothes. Boys build large fire trucks, helicopters and other equipment from matches.
LITERATURE
- Federal Law of December 21, 1994 No. 69-FZ “On Fire Safety”. - “Rossiyskaya Gazeta”, No. 3, 01/05/1995;
- Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 25, 2012 No. 390 “On the fire safety regime.” - “Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation”, 05/07/2012, No. 19, Art. 2415;
- Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated December 12, 2007 No. 645 “On approval of fire safety standards “Training in fire safety measures for employees of organizations.” — “Bulletin of normative acts of federal executive authorities”, No. 13, 03/31/2008;
- Methodological recommendations for training in the field of civil defense, prevention and response to emergency situations and fire safety. (Approved by the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia on June 20, 2014). The document was not published;
- Methodological recommendations for organizing training for managers and employees of organizations. Fire safety briefing and fire-technical minimum. (Approved by the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation). – “Library of a labor protection engineer”, No. N 1 - 2, 2007;
- Methodological recommendations “Organization of training for the evacuation of personnel of enterprises and institutions in case of fire and other emergency situations” (Approved by the Chief State Inspector of the Russian Federation for Fire Supervision on September 4, 2007 No. 1-4-60-10-19);
- Ensuring fire safety of national economic facilities. Part 3. Organizational and technical measures. Under general ed. IN AND. Kozlachkova. – Minsk: “FOIKS”, 1998. – 317 p.;
- Sukhomlinsky V. A. I give my heart to children. — Fav. ped. cit.: in 3 volumes - M., 1979, vol. 1, p. 33.
- Internet resource https://ddt2mariinsk.ucoz.ru/index/pozharnajabezopas nost/0-16;
- Internet resource https://www.profi-ra.ru/agit/stend1/;
- Internet resource https://marina-tcherepanina.narod.ru/index/0-4.
