Anyone can put out a fire in the forest, but what if a real fire suddenly happens? Who will come to the rescue and save people? You guys, of course, know that brave firefighters fight fires! These people will rush to the scene of the incident at the first signal and put out a fire of any complexity.
You've probably seen huge red cars racing with sirens blaring - these are the brave fire fighters who came to the rescue. Did you know that firefighters work all day long? The shift begins at eight o'clock in the morning and ends at the same time the next day.
Requirements for employees
Firefighters not only put out fires, but also prevent them. Employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations monitor the construction of every building in the city or village. If it does not meet fire safety rules, then no one will receive permission to build.
Firefighters regularly inspect educational institutions, restaurants, offices, hospitals for the presence of fire extinguishers, fire hoses, emergency exits and evacuation plans. These measures significantly reduce the risk of fire and unnecessary casualties.
Firefighters also conduct conversations in schools and kindergartens. Real rescuers talk about fire safety measures, correct behavior in a burning room or forest, and the consequences of playing with fire.
You guys already know that firefighters have to be brave, strong and agile, but rescuers are required to be a lot more demanding! Let's put together a list of qualities of fire fighters:
- fast reaction;
- endurance;
- ability to make decisions instantly;
- deep knowledge (this is necessary to quickly eliminate a fire);
- courage;
- responsiveness;
- dexterity;
- discipline;
- attentiveness;
- honesty;
- neatness;
- ability to provide first aid.
Did you know that firefighters have their own code of honor? When entering service, they take a special oath, pledging to follow all the rules set out in the collection.
In order to meet the demands of the profession, firefighters train a lot. The station has a gym for them so that the rescuers are always in shape.
Fire fighters in special rooms also work out every possible situation for a time (for example, throwing a hook through a window and catching on to the window sill, and then getting into the room via a cable in six seconds). Firefighters also study hard and hard. There are also special classes at the station, where senior specialists introduce the intricacies of firefighting .
Firefighters are usually strong young men and women, but women also work in fire departments. More often they work as dispatchers. This profession requires attentiveness and precision, which the girls cope with successfully.
The fire department dispatcher is an important person in the team: he takes calls, finds out what is burning and where, finds the nearest hydrant on the map and calculates the shortest route to the scene of the incident.
Summary of GCD in the senior group. Introduction to the professions “Profession Firefighter”
Municipal preschool educational institution general developmental kindergarten No. 12 “Rainbow”
Summary of GCD in the senior group. Introduction to the professions “Profession Firefighter”
Prepared by teacher: Stolyarova Anna Nikolaevna
2019 – 2021 academic year
Lesson in the senior group. Introduction to the professions “Profession Firefighter”
I offer a lesson in direct educational activities on the topic: “Introduction to professions” “Profession Firefighter” Integration of educational areas “Cognitive development”, “Social and communicative development”, “Physical development”, “Speech development”, “Artistic and aesthetic development”. Objectives Educational: To introduce the profession of a firefighter • to improve and concretize ideas about the profession of a firefighter • to consolidate in speech a noun with the general meaning of “profession” Developmental: • to develop cognitive interests; • promote the development of grammatical structure of speech (practice in the formation of adjectives from nouns, agreement of numerals with nouns); • improve skills in constructing simple and complex sentences; • develop speech activity, dialogical speech (by answering questions); • develop oral coherent speech (through the construction of grammatically correct phrases and sentences). Educational: • to form unity among the children's team, to increase the level of play interaction between children; • cultivate motivation for learning, emotional feelings. Equipment: • subject pictures of the firefighter profession; • items for organizational purposes.
Preliminary work: • Examination of pictures depicting professions, composing descriptive stories on the topic. • Reading fiction by S. Mikhalkov “Uncle Styopa”. • Conducting didactic games “Who needs what?”, “What’s extra?” “Guess the description”, plot-based role-playing games, printed board games.
Progress of the lesson.
1. Organizational moment. Since time immemorial, man has learned to make fire. People turned the hot flames into their friends and helpers. “Fire is warmth, light, food, protection from enemies. Man deified him, composing myths and songs about him.” But imagine that the fire broke out from under the control of man. It soars and swells with a gust of wind, like the fiery Serpent Gorynych, from whose open mouth hot sparks rain down. They set fire to everything in their path, destroy forests, people's homes, and livestock. Game: “FIRE. Friend or foe? 1. Fire in the light bulb 2. Fire lit the curtain 3. Fire helps cook dinner 4. Fire lit a tree in the forest 5. Fire from the fire burned the cat’s nose 6. Fire from the fire warmed the traveler
2. Working with clarity. A fire truck siren sounds. Educator: Children are asked to look at a fire truck. Pays attention to the color of the car and its equipment. Clarifies why a ladder, a spotlight, and a fire hose are needed in a firefighter’s work. Firefighters have specially equipped fire trucks at their disposal. They are bright red with a folding ladder on the roof. As they rush through the streets, all other cars give way to them after hearing the loud sound of a fire siren. Each car has a brigade of firefighters.
3. Main part Educator: There are many different professions in the world. Each person chooses one profession to which he will devote his entire life. Today in class we will get acquainted with the profession of firefighter. A crane with a boom is rushing along on a large machine, so that any fire can be extinguished by the squad. A picture of a firefighter in overalls is shown. The power of a raging fire is very difficult to cope with! But there are people whose profession is to defeat fire, saving people in trouble. They are fearless, strong, trained, selfless. Firefighters wear special clothing to protect them from fire and smoke. They have a steel helmet on their head, their pants and jacket are made of thick tarpaulin, and their feet are wearing strong and comfortable boots. After all, a firefighter fearlessly goes into a fire! Firefighters douse the raging flames with water from special hoses. They are called "sleeves". Water is pumped into the hoses by a pump located on the fire truck. In addition, the fire is extinguished with special foam contained in fire extinguishers.
4. Work on a poem. The teacher reads an excerpt from S. Mikhalkov’s poem “Uncle Styopa.” What's that smoke overhead? What's that thunder on the pavement? The house is burning around the corner, Hundreds of onlookers are standing around. The team puts up the ladders and saves the house from fire. The whole attic is already on fire, pigeons are fighting in the window.
In the yard, in a crowd of guys, they say to Uncle Styopa: “Are our pigeons going to burn along with the house?”
Uncle Styopa from the sidewalk reaches the attic. Through the fire and smoke of the fire His hand reaches out.
He opens the window. Eighteen doves fly out of the window, and behind them is a sparrow.
Everyone is grateful to Stepan: he saved the birds, and therefore everyone advises him to immediately become a fireman. Questions: What's burning around the corner? (House) What is the team's goal? (Ladders) Why do the fire brigade install ladders? (To reach the roof of the house). Who did Uncle Styopa save? (Doves). Why is Uncle Styopa advised to become a fireman? (Because he is strong, brave, determined). Why do you think the house caught fire?
The teacher talks about the consequences that occur if children play with matches, or if people forget to turn off electrical appliances, turn off the gas, etc.). • Don't play with a match, my friend! Remember, it is small, but a match is small, the house can burn to the ground. • To avoid any troubles, there is no fire on the Christmas tree! • So that he does not become your enemy. Be careful with the iron. Whoever doesn't turn off the iron will set everything on fire. • Don't play with the electric stove. The quick flame will jump off the tile! Be careful with gas, gas can cause a fire! • Do not dry clothes over gas. Everything will burn at once! You will cry and sob, But the fire cannot be stopped! • Do you want to arrange fireworks? Okay, we won’t argue, but in order not to get hurt, you need to call adults for help! • Know that any damaged wires are a disaster! After all, they are too dangerous - Short circuit is like a flash! Anyone can give this advice to friends: When leaving, turn off the lights, and turn off the appliances too! • If you want to save your property, don’t leave when the stove is heating up! When the stove is left unattended - One ember can set your house on fire. • So that the forest, the green house, does not burn with fire anywhere, do not dare to make a fire. Always take care of the animals. • Near the house and barn, don’t you dare light a fire! There may be a big disaster for buildings and people.
5. Vocabulary work. Didactic game “Who knows best?” Children must select those pictures that can be used to put out the fire and name them. This is a fire extinguisher, a ladder, a fire hose, a bucket, sand, a shovel.
6. Consolidation. Come up with a short story about why you can’t play with fire, based on a series of plot pictures: 1. Children play with matches; 2. They are in a burning house; 3. Children are rescued by firefighters.
In a bright red car we rush forward. Hard and dangerous work awaits us, firefighters. The howl of a piercing siren can deafen, We will use both water and foam to extinguish the fire. And we can help people in trouble, We will fight the flames day and night!
There are many professions on Earth, but choose, lovingly. Decide, my friend, who you should be, After all, each of them is important.
Combat equipment
Firefighter clothing is made not from ordinary fabric, but from a special one. It does not burn in fire and heats up little. This fabric is called aramid; its fibers include semi-linen and vinyl leatherette (or dermantine) impregnated with special agents. Clothing materials vary depending on the severity of the fire.
The kit includes:
- protective jacket;
- overalls;
- comfortable and durable boots;
- cotton jacket and pants;
- protective gloves;
- heat-reflective metal suit;
- heat-reflecting mask with respirator;
- gas mask with cover;
- helmets made of metal and plastic;
- mask with cape.
Thanks to this equipment, firefighters don’t mind heat and fire!
You know kids, firefighter equipment is very important! With it you can break through obstacles, get into a building through a window, and so on.
Items that ensure breathing in a smoky room are required at every departure: respirators, gas masks and filters.
They are attached to a special belt and stored in cases. To illuminate the road in dark rooms, every firefighter must have a flashlight.
Fire fighters carry a lot of equipment to overcome various obstacles. Brave rescuers use fire axes to cut through collapsed beams and boards; for convenience, this tool is attached to the belt. Fire ropes and rope ladders, holsters and carabiners allow you to climb into hard-to-reach places and pull out people, animals and things.
Sometimes electrical appliances and wires become the cause of fire. To eliminate the fire in this case, you must first turn off the power to the problem. Extinguishing electrical appliances that are turned on with water is dangerous to life!
For such situations, firefighters have special dielectric gloves and boots, mats and scissors in their arsenal.
For emergency evacuations, rescuers use various manual ladders: a stick ladder, a mechanical sliding ladder, an assault ladder. They allow you to rescue people from high floors.
Human qualities
If a child declares “I want to be a firefighter,” parents or other adults should explain to him that this is, firstly, hard physical labor. Therefore, you need to play sports from childhood and harden yourself. Secondly, a serious intellectual load, which requires additional instant mental and tactical decisions. Well, thirdly, a firefighter must have a certain character. Composure, self-control, responsibility, the ability to self-sacrifice - this is a small list of qualities that a specialist in this profile must have. And if a person is not ready to acquire the necessary knowledge and skills, then it is better to choose another profession.
Career guidance continues at school
How to put out a fire
In fact, there are several ways to extinguish a fire. For a long time, the most famous and widespread is water. To supply it, there are fire hydrants throughout the city, to which a hose (fire hose) is attached. Special fire trucks also transport water in tanks. It is pumped out of them with special manual or mechanical pumps.
However, not everything can be extinguished with water: ignited electrical appliances when interacting with water can lead to death. First, they need to be de-energized and then covered with sand. It is carried in special cone-shaped buckets.
Firefighters always have fire extinguishers in their equipment. They come in different types, that is, they are filled with different substances. Some are filled with gas (for example, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons and aerosol), others with foam (cannot be used when igniting electrical appliances and flammable fuels such as gasoline), and others with powder.
Did you know that the first fire extinguishers appeared in the first quarter of the 18th century? In 1715, the German inventor Zachariah Greil patented a device consisting of a barrel made of strong wood filled with twenty liters of water.
A wick and a container of gunpowder were attached to the vessel. The fire extinguisher was thrown into the fire, where it exploded, thereby extinguishing the fire. And at the beginning of the 19th century, the Englishman George Manby invented a fire extinguisher in the form that we see today. His device was a copper vessel filled with chemical powder under high pressure.
If a fire suddenly happens, you need to call “01”, tell the address and what exactly ignited. After receiving an alarm signal, the dispatcher calculates the shortest route, finds a fire hydrant on the map and transmits all the information to the rescue team.
All these actions are completed in less than 60 seconds. Having received an alarm, firefighters are fully assembled within 20 seconds and go to the rescue.
This is a very dangerous and nervous profession, so every fire service employee must be stress-resistant, have a lightning-fast reaction and be in excellent physical shape.
Pros and cons of the profession
Now let’s give a detailed description of all the pros and cons of the “firefighter” profession.
Advantages:
- A respected job that many boys dream of;
- Providing social assistance;
- Average salary level;
- There are prospects for career growth;
- Increased vacation;
- Early retirement.
Flaws:
- There are medical contraindications;
- Work associated with danger to life and health;
- There are night shifts;
- Work in all weather conditions;
- Severe stress.
What education is needed?
To meet the qualification requirements, a firefighter does not have to have a higher education. It will be quite enough to have a diploma of completion of secondary vocational education received by a future employee of the Ministry of Emergency Situations at a college, technical school or college. The basis for acquiring knowledge in these institutions is considered to be practical training with equipment and technology.
You can get a high position by studying at the academies of the Ministry of Emergency Situations. In addition to practical knowledge, universities and institutes lay a serious theoretical foundation that helps you better get used to a new job and understand how to behave in each situation.
Features of the profession
Firefighting is one of the most difficult and dangerous professions in the world. Only brave and courageous people can work here, who, risking their own lives and health, help people in trouble.
For these people, an emergency is considered a regular situation. Risk is their job.
Their goal is to save human life and help escape from the merciless fire. Every time an employee goes to a fire, he experiences stress, which can be compared to a pre-heart attack state. That is why strict requirements are imposed on firefighters. This applies to both personal qualities and professional skills.
Career
At the end of each year, unit commanders prepare lists of employees sent for retraining, which is actually advanced training. After training, promotion to position is possible. A fighter who wants to become a commander must complete courses at the FPS Training Center. Both drivers and dispatchers have prospects. But practice shows that few people want to make a career and are quite satisfied with their permanent job.
Firefighters-rescuers
We drive a fire truck
In turn, games about fire trucks are divided into three large varieties.
- The first type is overcoming obstacles by maintaining balance and accurately calculating at what speed and how exactly you should overcome the obstacle. Sometimes, the vehicle will have a trailer that contains important cargo needed to extinguish the fire. This cargo will need to be carried to the end of the map without losing it in time to overcome obstacles.
- The second type of game is a 2D racing game with a top-down view, where you will first need to get to your destination, trying not to go off the road or crash into other cars, and then put out the fire itself. The main component of success in such games will be your speed and reaction. After all, the faster you can get to your destination, the faster you can put out the fire and move on to the next level.
- The third view is driving in 3D mode with a rear view. This type is the most accurate firefighter simulator. Here you will also need to get to the scene of the incident, after which the main mission will begin.
In this section, we tried to collect the most interesting games about this dangerous and heroic profession. Now everyone can become a professional firefighter in the virtual universe!
What you need to go through to become a firefighter in Russia
It is worth noting that there are many people who want to get this profession in Russia. People who already have good specialties come to it immediately after the army, after school. The recruitment algorithm is as follows:
- Initial interview.
- Testing for psychological qualities.
- Interview with unit management.
- Medical examination by many medical specialists.
- Checking the applicant for presence in the databases of law enforcement and government agencies.
- Upon successful completion of the previous stages, the applicant is assigned a probationary period.
- If the results of the probationary period are positive, the applicant is sent to the training center.
- Upon completion of the training, which lasts from 2 weeks to 3 months, the person returns to the unit with a diploma-certificate for active service: fire truck driver, rescuer, dispatcher, etc.
The work schedule of the rank and file of fire departments is every other day, so the saying “Sleep like a fireman” is partly true. The parts are financed from the state budget, so the salaries are not similar to Gazprom’s, but nonetheless decent. For example, in Moscow - up to 100 thousand rubles, in Russia - up to 65 thousand rubles. Girls can also get a job in the fire department, and even become fire rescuers.
On a note! Firefighters retire early due to the nature of the profession. You can go on vacation at the age of 45. But practice shows that many are in no hurry to part with their favorite profession and continue to work.
Fire troops of the Ministry of Emergency Situations
