“Formation of tolerance in children of senior preschool age in preschool settings”

Lessons on tolerance in kindergarten

Our children live in a society open to new technologies, cultures and traditions. From an early age, the most important moral quality is instilled in preschoolers - kindness. The younger generation needs to instill the desire to be kind to every person on earth. Classes on tolerance in kindergarten in a playful way reveal to children the beauty of the world in its diversity, polyphony, and multinationality.

“My son is a nationalist, what should I do?”

Case from practice. The mother of 13-year-old Dima came for a consultation with a psychologist. Barely holding back tears, she told the following story:

“My husband and I have always tried to raise our son correctly, the way he should. He, of course, knew from childhood that all people in the world are different. We watched cartoons with him and read books about the history of nations.

And then, imagine, I accidentally came across his correspondence on VKontakte (he, as usual, forgot to close his page), and there was such horror... It turned out that my son and two other children were bullying an Azerbaijani boy who joined their class this year. And they call him a chump, and they write all sorts of threats to him...

To say that I was shocked is to say nothing. I told my husband everything, in the evening they gave Dima a beating, and he responded: “So what’s wrong? He really is a fool! Hate him! Let him return to his village, but he has nothing to do here!”

My hands just gave up. Tell me what we did wrong? Why did our son become like this?

Typically, discriminatory attitudes in children start small. With offensive jokes towards a classmate who is unlike others. From disrespect and mockery of other people's traditions and customs. And if parents and teachers do not intervene in the situation in time, the son or daughter may join radical nationalism.

You should sound the alarm if your child:

1. He began to move away from family and friends and spends a lot of time alone.
2. He often watches videos on the Internet with extremist content or promoting Nazi ideas.
3. Drastically changes his clothing style and appearance.
4. I began to often talk about political and social topics. Expresses signs of intolerance with cliched, as if pre-prepared phrases.
5. Experiences bouts of anger and uncontrollable aggression towards persons of another nationality.

What should parents do:

1. Do not harshly condemn the teenager’s behavior; try to find out in a calm, confidential conversation the reason why your son or daughter supports these views. Be prepared for the fact that the situation will not change in one conversation.
2. Assess your feelings: “It’s very painful and unpleasant for me that you do this.”
3. If possible, limit your child’s interactions with people who have a negative influence on him.
4. Seek help from a child psychologist.

The sooner a child realizes that “different, not like me” does not mean “bad,” the less likely it is that in the future he will turn into an aggressor, capable of humiliating and bullying people who are somehow different from him.

The importance of teaching tolerance in kindergarten

Children have no prejudices. You smile openly and sincerely - you are a good person. You're fun to play with - you're a great friend. You tell me interesting things and help me learn new things - you are a wonderful teacher. The child strives to communicate. And he doesn't make any assumptions about people based on their skin color or eye shape. We can say that children are tolerant by nature. Their views are formed and undergo changes under external influence (adult conversations, statements on television, then thoughtlessly repeated by older children). Cultivating a sense of tolerance is one of the requirements for a modern teacher of a preschool educational institution (DOU).

A child chooses a playmate not by skin color, but by common interests.

The Russian Federation is a multinational state. In recent decades, migration processes have been intensifying in most regions. Groups in kindergartens are often mixed, that is, they are composed of children of different nationalities. The Federal State Educational Standard (FSES) establishes the provision of access to education for every child, regardless of nationality.

Interesting fact. Representatives of more than 200 nationalities (ethnic groups) live on the territory of the Russian Federation.

All children, regardless of nationality or language, love holidays

In the modern world, it is important to educate spiritual and moral values ​​through the work of educational organizations (kindergartens, development centers, schools). But fostering kindness, sensitivity, and tolerance begins in the family. The activities of teachers within the framework of spiritual and moral development are revealed in classes at preschool educational institutions, in consultations and master classes for parents, and in holding festive events. Nowadays children are told a lot about their rights and sometimes they forget to emphasize that every member of society has rights and freedoms. These universal truths about respect for the individual in kindergarten are repeated with parents.

The concept of tolerance is broader than national tolerance. This is a person’s kind attitude towards people around him, whose views, religious beliefs, and appearance differ from his own. Classes on teaching tolerance in kindergarten include issues of national and cultural differences, instilling respect for people of different ages (both older people and children), and acceptance of people with disabilities.

Tolerance is a broad concept, but its essence is being kind to everyone who is different from yourself

Table: objectives of classes on tolerance in preschool educational institutions

In a fun way, preschoolers are taught knowledge about different countries and peoples.

Techniques for teaching tolerance in preschoolers

Cultivating a good attitude towards other people is part of the educational process in preschool educational institutions. Activities on tolerance are carried out starting from younger groups; the teacher takes into account the age and individual characteristics of children when planning classes. Among the methodological recommendations for instilling tolerance in preschoolers, the following techniques are used:

Lessons on tolerance, as a rule, are integrated: children talk, ask questions, study visual materials and engage in creativity

Video: master class “Cultivating tolerance in preschool children”

A master class for preschool teachers illustrates techniques for instilling tolerance in preschoolers: making crafts, dancing and playing music in a playful way. The host of the master class talks about cultivating tolerance through the study of native Russian life and immersion in folk art. More like an educational activity within the framework of familiarization with Russian folk culture. There is no mention in the master class of introducing children to other peoples and their characteristics. And tolerance can be cultivated through understanding and accepting the polyphony of the world.

Taking into account the individual approach to raising children, the teacher thinks through multi-level tasks for classes on tolerance. For example, didactic games are selected in accordance with the intellectual abilities of students. In the middle group, you can play a game with pictures that depict life situations: a boy and an elderly man are standing at a pedestrian crossing, a small child is crying in the sandbox next to a boy, a girl in a national Tatar costume does not dare to join a round dance. For children with a low level of logical thinking, a second set of cards has been prepared: the boy takes his grandfather across the road/the boy walks alone, the boy consoles the baby/the boy plays alone, the round dance participants explain the rules of the dance to the girl/the round dance continues with a new dance pattern. Children are given the task of matching the cards in the first set with the correct solutions to situations. Children with a sufficient level of intellectual abilities figure out how to act kindly and tolerantly for the children in the pictures.

Creative tasks are divided in a similar way:

Girls love to play with dolls, dress them up and comb their hair, so it’s worth preparing a lesson on national toys for them

Classes on tolerance education must be conducted in an entertaining way. The teacher’s arguments about tolerance towards representatives of different nations, cultures and religions will most likely be incomprehensible and uninteresting to children. It should be remembered that in preschoolers involuntary attention and memory predominate. Children focus their attention on what surprises and attracts, what they want to know as much as possible. Bright events, unusual activities and fun games are stored in memory as valuable experiences. The ability for voluntary attention begins to develop at the age of 6–7 years. Therefore, classes on tolerance in kindergarten must begin with creating motivation - stimulating the interest of preschoolers in subsequent activities.

It is important that classes on tolerance are interesting to children

Table: examples of a motivating start to a lesson on tolerance

Visualization is one of the means of motivating preschoolers, you just need to choose the right material: for younger ones - pictures and toys, for older ones - cards and photographs

What is tolerance?

In 1995, the General Conference of UNESCO approved the Declaration of Principles of Tolerance, which was signed by 185 countries, including Russia.

According to this document, tolerance is respect and acceptance of the diversity of cultures, peoples and customs . This is a rejection of violence and discrimination against people who differ from us in skin color, religion and other characteristics.

The basic principle of tolerance is: “I see that you are different and different from me, but I accept and respect it.”

To be tolerant does not mean to be indifferent and indifferent to what is happening in the world. There should be no tolerance for crime, rudeness, bullying and violence.

Tolerance is an active life position, recognition of the right to individuality. This is a desire to help people, to make the world a better place.

A tolerant person has such personality characteristics as mutual respect, goodwill, compliance and sociability.

The problem of tolerance in Russia and in the world

The issue of tolerance and respect is now one of the most discussed in the world. This is not surprising, since national and religious differences are increasingly becoming the cause of conflicts between people living in the same territory.

In Europe, for example, due to the large flow of migrants from the Middle East, cases of attacks on refugees by radical indigenous people who oppose the “Islamization” of their countries have become more frequent.

And Muslim migrants, in turn, also provoke conflicts with their disdain for European traditions and shrines.

In Russia, the problem of tolerance has always been relevant. Since our country is multinational, a large number of different peoples with their own traditions and customs have long coexisted on its territory.

The division “us and them”, “us and foe” has always existed. Representatives of different cultures tried to stay apart, defending their ethnic views, often through bloody wars.

But times are changing, and people, fortunately, have begun to understand that “different” views and customs do not mean “bad.” That every person has the right to his own worldview and his own values. And this right must be respected.

Planning Tolerance Week in kindergarten

The implementation of Tolerance Week is discussed and approved by pedagogical councils, usually in 2 stages:

Traditionally, Tolerance Week is held in kindergartens and schools in November - before the International Day of Tolerance (November 16).

Tolerance Week in kindergarten involves unusual activities and events:

As part of the Tolerance Week, child-parent events are held at the preschool educational institution

Table: example of planning for Tolerance Week

There may be several festive events (concerts) planned - for younger, middle and older pupils. This organization gives each group the opportunity to express themselves creatively and invite parents as spectators.

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