Testoplasty for preschoolers

A lump of salted dough - It’s interesting to sculpt from it! The dough ball is soft, pleasant and smooth to the touch. It’s lying in my palm, I can mold it into a cat, I can mold it into a baby elephant or a mouse, I can mold it into a picture that I saw in a book, I crushed the lump a little, I’ll mold it into arms and legs, I’ll mold it into ears and eyes, and together we’ll go to a fairy tale! I. Glebova

In the main general education program, the priority is the developmental function, which ensures the development of the child’s personality.

The state of the domestic preschool education system is currently characterized by a transition to new approaches focusing education on a humanistic, personality-oriented model. This significantly expands the range of educational tasks that can be solved.

One of the closest and most natural activities for a preschool child is visual arts and modeling. In the process of visual activity and modeling, preschoolers acquire a whole range of graphic and pictorial skills and abilities, learn to analyze objects and phenomena of the world around them. This activity develops fine motor skills of the fingers, their muscles, coordination of movements, has a beneficial effect on the development of speech (since the projection of the hand is in close proximity to the speech zone in the brain), relieves nervous tension, fear, and provides a positive emotional state. Fine art and modeling provide ample opportunities for experiencing beauty and for developing children’s emotional and aesthetic attitude to reality. Visual activities in kindergarten are an effective means of understanding reality. This activity helps the development and formation of visual perceptions, imagination, memory, spatial concepts, feelings and other mental processes. Such personality traits as perseverance, focus, accuracy, and hard work are formed. “All modern programs present three ways for preschool children to master the fine arts: perception - performance - creativity. Every child, in my deep conviction, should grow up from childhood in an atmosphere of love, beauty, and creativity. I try to turn joint activities with children with testoplasty into creativity, then real works of art will come out of his hands! While working with dough, I strive to develop in children aesthetic taste, a sense of rhythm, and the ability to understand beauty. While modeling from salt dough, children's vocabulary is activated, because during classes, I ask them to voice their actions. The child sculpts and explains: “The bear has such wide paws because...”. A child can fantasize and can share his knowledge about the world around him with other children. I develop logical thinking, just as before work a child, first of all, must consistently think through a plan of action, think through every detail: what? For what? Why? After completing the work, the children perform their craft, compose a fairy tale, and stage real theatrical performances. When planning my work with children, I use dramatization games (children create fairy tale characters and voice them). Learning to form is not on the basis of “doing according to instructions or a model,” which is what an adult suggests, but to “come up with” your own plans, formulate ideas and realize individual imaginations in activities. The content of the activity is structured in accordance with the thematic planning of the speech therapist, defectologist, and also based on the interests of the students. Children love to make crafts for the holidays (New Year's tiger, Christmas trees, fairy horseshoes); making homemade toys for kids; making heroes based on Russian folk tales; attributes for role-playing games: vegetables, fruits, bakery products to the store. I consider the collective panels to be the pride of the children - “The Seabed”, “Mysterious Space”, “Fruit Basket”.

To create a subject-development environment, I made a card index of games for the artistic and aesthetic development of children. I think the most interesting are “Guess and tell about a folk toy”, “Find out an element of a pattern”, “What does it look like?”, “Complete a craft”, “What doesn’t happen in the world?”, “Think and guess”, “Fantastic heroes”.

During activities, I try to ensure that children say the word “I can’t” as little as possible, I explain that we have gathered here to learn, that I will definitely help. By doing this, I remove the child’s fear that he will not succeed. Sometimes the word “I can’t” covers up the fact that the child does not want to study. Then it is necessary to create motivation in children, arouse interest and desire to study. To create motivation for activity, I use game techniques, through which I develop interest in testoplasty. Often, in order to interest children, I use “animation” and playing with crafts with which they can talk, consult and play. The content of game actions depends on the content of crafts. If it is a bird, then it can “fly”, “peck”, “talk”, “show off to each other”.

When sculpting circus animals, children were trainers and talked about their animals on their own; While playing a game of drawing up an identikit, children took on the role of a “detective” and came up with a positive and negative character, etc. By offering children a role, I arouse interest in the task and a desire to complete it. Acting in character, the child is passionate about his work, inventive, and does his work carefully. And I also take on some role - a sorceress of colors, a sorcerer or a grandmother - a riddle who has forgotten all the fairy tales and cannot tell them to the children.

In order to maintain interest, I used elements of theatricality, surprise moments, game characters (Pinocchio, Dunno, Luntik), and didactic games (for example, “game names”). In joint activities with testoplasty, I activate the child’s speech and replenish his vocabulary. (What are you sculpting now? What will you sculpt later? What kind of ears will you make for the bunny? Why did you give the bear such powerful, strong paws? What kind of mood will your hero have: sad, cheerful, perky, cunning?)

With the help of testoplasty, I tried to create conditions for the creative self-expression of pupils (modeling for a table theater, attributes for role-playing games “Home”, “Shop”; regular exhibitions of children's creativity in kindergarten, in the city children's library, in the library of the Michurinsky Village Council of the Iskitim region , in the museum of the city of Berdsk, etc.).

In my pedagogical activities, applying the principle of integration of learning, I develop the child’s thinking, his knowledge in the field of the formation of elementary concepts in mathematics, orientation in space (divide a piece of dough and count the parts, compare them by size, shape, which parts of the craft are in front, behind, left, right). I develop the child’s speech: I suggest talking about my craft, describing it, giving it a name, composing a story about its adventures. I use crafts in play activities: it is advisable that the child does not immediately take the craft home, but uses it in games for some time. In the group, we collected a collection so that we could show a tabletop theater for our peers. This makes children want to create new characters and develop the plot of a fairy tale or game.

The modeling technique is rich and varied, but at the same time accessible to small children. Modeling is the most tangible form of artistic creativity. The child not only sees what he created, but also touches it, picks it up and changes it as necessary. The main tool in sculpting is the hand. From this point of view, the modeling technique can be assessed as the most environmentally friendly.

To teach a child the technical skills of modeling and develop his fine motor skills, first I take the child’s hands in my own, let him feel the force of pressing on a lump of dough: when rolling the dough into a ball, a stick of varying widths and lengths. The muscles of the palm should be tense, the hands should be straight. Therefore, I suggest that the child roll out the dough on the board. We make all the details only by hand. I immediately teach my child to work carefully. Looking at the sample, children analyze the shape of the parts and their location. Then I remove the sample. Using my piece of dough, I demonstrate sculpting techniques: pulling, pinching, spreading, and others. After the show I put my work away. This is done to prevent the child from copying the product. If a child finds it difficult while working, I show him the required technique on my piece of dough. If independent work is going on, I do not interfere with the child’s work. I can only show you on my piece of dough how to correct the error. When working together, I can pick up a child’s product and, at his request, correct the craft. I teach children how to work with a stack. So that children gain experience and know which side can make a drawing on the dough, a hole, a slot, and cut off the required piece of dough.

I think it is necessary to start by creating conditions in the group - a small corner of creativity. In my group I posted: paints (watercolors, gouache),

colored pencils, felt-tip pens, crayons, wax crayons, various brushes, pieces of foam rubber, scissors, colored and velvet paper. Natural materials: cones, seeds and fruits of various plants, pebbles, nutshells, twigs, dried flowers, cotton wool, sticks, fabric, pieces of cellophane, remnants of woolen threads, plot pictures, postcards, glue, cardboard, buttons, beads, beads, and other waste material. All this is concentrated in different boxes, caskets, and special containers. In the creativity corner, I put on a monthly changing exhibition to introduce folk and applied arts. My main task is to create conditions and provide all this diversity for the creative imagination of children. I can say with confidence that every child finds what he needs to realize his idea.

With the help of dough crafts, communication developed (we visit each other, say polite words to each other); by playing out children's poems and songs with crafts, she instilled moral and ethical values.

The work I have begun has wide boundaries and possibilities, and requires continuation. Work in this direction confirms that artistic and aesthetic development takes shape and develops not only on the basis of productive activity (sculpting from salt dough), but also in the perception of a work of art, in play activities, in the formation of a holistic picture of the world - therefore, I see the prospects of my work the need to organize these activities accordingly and improve them. I plan to develop a program of circle activities on testoplasty.

Project at the preschool educational institution “Fairy Dough” (testoplasty)

April 9, 2014

Conference “Project activity in an educational institution - 2014”
Nomination “Pedagogical project in a preschool institution”

Relevance of the project. One of the most favorite plastic materials for children is salt dough. Therefore, the problem of developing fine motor skills of a child’s hand and speech development before transitioning to adult, school life will be helped by testoplasty - an art that is close and accessible to him.

Testoplasty helps solve the following problems :

Educational:

Introduce children to the history of testoplasty and its capabilities.
Learn to use various materials and tools.
Begin to develop knowledge about composition, the basics of color science, and techniques for working with gouache.

Technical:

Learn to sculpt with your entire brush and fingers, and make small details with your fingers and pinching.
Develop hand coordination.

Educational:

Develop fine motor skills of the hands, speech, observation and aesthetic taste, imaginative and logical thinking
Expand your horizons and vocabulary.

Educational:

To cultivate hard work, patience, accuracy, and the desire to complete the work started.
Develop the ability to communicate with peers and work in a team.

Social:

Create a favorable atmosphere for communication between children who are passionate about a common cause.
Teach preschoolers to organize leisure time.

The goal of the project: the development of children's creative abilities and speech through the use of testoplasty technology.

Project objectives:

Introduce children to folk art, introduce children to the history of testoplasty and kneading dough.
To form a sustainable interest in artistic activity.
Develop creativity, aesthetic taste, imagination, memory, attention, thinking, fine motor skills, coordination and tactile sensations of the hands.

Project participants: children, teacher.

Project type: long-term. Project implementation period: October - April

Expected result : development of independence, initiative, creative abilities of children, mastery of skills in working with salt dough - modeling from life, according to the idea, modeling a sculpture from 2-3 objects, expressiveness of the image, proportions, sculpting methods (flattening and pinching, joining edges dough, pulling and pressing, smoothing and pressing, smearing and rolling).

Project implementation:

1. Preliminary stage (September).

Children get acquainted with testoplasty as a type of folk applied art, its features, tools necessary for work, and the simplest techniques for working with dough.

Creative workshops begin with a conversation about the history of testoplasty with kneading dough with preschoolers.

Children work with the dough: knead, sniff, roll into balls, etc. Next, it is proposed to make imprints on the surface of the dough using stacks, buttons, corks and more. And how interesting it is to paint it and simply mix different colors.

Next, preschoolers work with three-dimensional shapes - bun, sausage, flatbread.

2. Main stage (October-March).

Objectives of the main stage: introduce children to the testoplasty technique (modeling techniques), learn to create various subject and simple plot compositions, and develop creative abilities.

Preschoolers have already mastered modeling, we suggest working with a cupcake mold, an egg and making a “Cake”, “Easter Egg”.

In the future, the task becomes more complicated - sticking to various volumetric shapes, for example, “Decorating an egg.” Experimenting with buttons, beads, beads, ribbons and ribbons.

3. Final stage (April).

Project presentation form: exhibition of children's works and collective story compositions.

Project at the preschool educational institution “Fairy Dough”

Author: Irina Ivanovna Kostyukova, teacher of the first category, Municipal Autonomous Preschool Educational Institution “combined type No. 2 “Romashka”, Gubkin city, Belgorod region, teaching experience 5 years, winner of municipal competitions and exhibitions.

“Treat for Carlson” Non-traditional lesson on testoplasty in the senior group

All-Russian Festival of Pedagogical Creativity

Title of work:
“Treat for Carlson”
Non-traditional lesson on testoplasty in the senior group

Author: teacher of MBDOU No. 37 “Malvinka” of the city of Smolensk Shnytko Irina Anatolyevna

Place of work:
Smolensk region, Smolensk, Zadneprovsky district, Korolevka microdistrict, MBDOU "Kindergarten No. 37 "Malvinka"
"Treat for Carlson"

Goal: continue to teach children how to work with the test; consolidate the ability to roll the dough between the palms in a circular motion, flatten, pinch the edges; improve children’s ability to roll dough with straight movements and connect the ends of the resulting column in the form of a ring: decorate the product, develop fine motor skills; expand children’s high-quality vocabulary, enrich speech with new words; cultivate a positive attitude towards work, accuracy, neatness; desire works; develop a creative attitude towards work.

Preliminary work:
familiarization with the test, ways of working with it;
acquaintance with the fairy-tale hero - Carlson; looking at illustrations depicting Carlson, playing with the toy. Materials: regular and colored dough, boards, damp rags, aprons, ribbed board, arc, samovar, cups, saucers, cookies, Carlson suit, gift box, letter.

Progress of the lesson

There's a knock on the door and they bring a letter.

V.: - Oh, guys! Who wrote this letter to us?

Educator

is reading:

“Hello, kids! Today is my jam day, oh, my birthday. I invite you all to visit me.

Carlson."

Q : Who is Carlson?

D.: - A small, cheerful man.

V.: -Where does he live?

D.: -On the roof, in the attic.

V.: -Carlson invites us to his birthday. Let's go to?

D.: -Yes!

V.: -What does he love more than anything in the world?

D.: -Sweets, cookies, cake, jam.

V.: - Let us give him what he loves most. We will give him sweets, but we won’t go to the store, we don’t have money. Let's make our own treats. We'll bake it. Do you know what cookies, cakes, pastries and pies are made from?

D.: -From dough.

V.: -Today we will make a real treat from dough. Go to the tables and take aprons. Guys, why do we wear aprons?

D.: -So as not to get dirty.

Children

put on aprons,
the teacher
helps them.
The guys
sit down at the tables.

V.: -Everyone has dough on the table. What is the dough made from?

D.: -Flour, eggs, milk, sugar.

V.: -Try the dough. What does it feel like?

D.: -Soft.

V.: - What color?

D.: -Red, green, yellow.

Q: - Guys, what kind of plasticine treat have we already made?

MAGAZINE Preschooler.RF

The use of testoplasty in working with preschool children. Testoplasty is one of the types of folk applied art. Nowadays, salt dough modeling has become a very popular activity. And this is not surprising. Making salt dough is a great pleasure and joy. The recipe for this material is so ancient that no one knows when people invented it. Even in those days when in Rus' the New Year was celebrated on September 1, and at the same time weddings were celebrated, it was customary to give figurines made of salt dough. It was believed that any craft made from salt dough found in the house was a symbol of wealth and prosperity in the family. And bread and salt will always be on the table. That is why these figures were often called very simply - “hospitable people”. Salt dough is an environmentally friendly material, so any child can safely trust a lump of light, soft dough. This lump gives the feeling of something alive, and the sculpting evokes the most pleasant feelings. And it is very well suited for modeling classes, both at home and in kindergarten. Modeling is one of the types of fine arts in which three-dimensional figures and entire compositions are created from plastic materials. Modeling is the most tangible form of artistic creativity. The child not only sees what he created, but also touches it, picks it up and changes it as necessary. In modeling, the scale of crafts is not determined by the sheet format, as in drawing and appliqué, or the size of the cubes, as in construction. It depends each time only on the child’s plan, on his skill and individual characteristics. So one child prefers miniature products, while another gravitates towards monumentality. Modeling is not only an interesting, but also a very useful activity. This hobby brings, in addition to pleasure, invaluable benefits for the health of the body and soul. The work of the fingers and brain is activated and the body and soul are completely relaxed. A person is filled with joy, worries and stress go away. Work on dough plasticity has a complex effect on the development of a child; in addition to the generally accepted opinion about the development of fine motor skills, we can say that modeling from salt dough contributes to the development of creativity in preschoolers. Modeling from salt dough promotes the development of visual perception, memory, imaginative thinking, instilling manual skills and abilities necessary for successful learning at school. Just like other types of fine art, modeling shapes aesthetic tastes and develops a sense of beauty. Therefore, it can be reasonably assumed that modeling from non-traditional materials has a beneficial effect on the development of the child as a creative personality.

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Testoplasty is a means of developing fine motor skills in preschool children.

Author: Sanarova Svetlana Gennadievana

Testoplasty is a means of developing fine motor skills in preschool children.

The importance of developing fine motor skills cannot be underestimated. Fine motor skills are motor activities that are caused by the coordinated work of the small muscles of the hand and eye. The development of fine motor skills is the development of fine movements of the hands and fingers. The movements of a person’s hand, as I. N. Sechenov wrote, are not hereditarily predetermined and are formed in the process of education and training, as a result of associative connections that arise during the work of the visual, auditory and speech motor analyzers, muscles of the hand and eye. The level of development of fine motor skills is one of the indicators of intellectual readiness for school education. Children's ability to understand surrounding objects is largely related to the development of hand actions.

The centers of speech and finger movement in the human brain are nearby. And hand movements occupy a third of the entire motor projection of the cerebral cortex. That is why scientists have concluded that speech and hand motor skills are directly related. It is believed that the more developed the fine motor skills of the hands, the more developed the child’s speech apparatus. The development of fine motor skills is also important because the child’s entire future life will require the use of precise, coordinated movements of the hands and fingers, which are necessary to dress, draw, write, and also perform many different household, educational and work activities.

A high level of development of fine motor skills indicates the functional maturity of the cerebral cortex and the child’s psychological readiness for school. In preschool age, the main work on the development of fine motor skills is carried out through games and play exercises. In the process of games and exercises for the development of fine motor skills, children develop memory, attention, auditory and visual perception, perseverance is cultivated, and play and educational and practical activities are formed. Games and exercises for the development of fine motor skills have a stimulating effect on speech development. They are a powerful means of maintaining the tone and performance of the cerebral cortex.

One of the most important types of development of fine motor skills is artistic activity. Classes using various visual techniques harmoniously develop a child’s fine motor skills, cognitive functions, attention, thinking, imagination, and observation. By choosing non-traditional techniques or using non-traditional materials for work, it is easy to interest the child, and therefore get a better result from the work done. One of the most entertaining types of artistic activity is modeling.

Modeling is the process of creating a sculptural work associated with working on a soft plastic material: wet clay, plasticine, wax, dough, by giving it shape using hands and auxiliary tools - stacks, etc. The modeling technique is rich and varied, but at the same time accessible even to small children. The main tool in sculpting is the hands, therefore, the level of skill depends on using one’s own hands, and not a brush, pencil or scissors. From this point of view, the modeling technique can be assessed as the most accessible for self-learning. Trying to convey the shape as accurately as possible, the child actively works with his fingers, trying to use all ten fingers, which undoubtedly has a positive effect on the result.

Modeling, as an activity, to a greater extent than drawing or applique, leads children to the ability to navigate, model the world and their idea of it in space, and master a number of mathematical concepts. Children directly compare parts of objects with each other, determine their sizes (length, thickness), which in drawing is done only visually.

Using the example of the work of the “Magic Workshop” circle, we can conclude that for working with preschool children, it is preferable to use salt dough. This material has a number of advantages over other materials. All ingredients are available, so you can make the dough at any time and start creating your work. The salt dough contains only food products: flour, salt, water, vegetable oil, food coloring. Therefore, salted dough is environmentally friendly and can be recommended for creative crafts with young children, who can taste the modeling material. If the manufacturing technology is followed, the dough does not stick to your hands, is easy to wash and does not leave marks. Unlike other materials, it is more plastic and pleasant to the touch. A distinctive feature when working with salt dough is that modeling can be combined with drawing, painting the finished product with any colors. And the ability to add food coloring at the stage of dough production allows you to create a material with a wide color palette. Products can be dried in various ways: in the oven at a temperature of about 100 degrees, on a radiator or in air. If finished salt dough products are varnished, they are quite durable.

The “Magic Workshop” circle worked for three years. Diagnostics at the end of the study group showed that the children had achieved good development of fine motor skills, which not only had a beneficial effect on the development of speech, but also prepared them for drawing and writing. The hands have acquired good mobility and flexibility, and the stiffness of movements has disappeared. When learning grapho-motor skills, children demonstrated good pressure, «

confident
"
lines. Children's mental processes became more active: attention, memory, thinking, imagination; vocabulary expanded. The children began to show initiative. They developed self-confidence, the ability to exert volition in various types of activities and the ability to complete the work they started. These characteristics correspond to the target guidelines of the federal state educational standards for preschool education.

My work experience allows me to conclude that modeling from salt dough has a positive effect on the dynamics of the development of fine motor skills of the fingers.
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