Properties of air
Air has various properties that are important to people.
People don't notice the transparency of the air. Fog falling on the highway makes the air opaque, disrupts traffic, and causes traffic accidents.
Air has no color. This phenomenon is familiar to lighting technicians in the theater, where they use colored spotlights to change the color accompaniment of a performance.
The air has no odor, but residents of areas where enterprises have outdated cleaning equipment experience unpleasant odors. Some gases released into the air cause breathing problems and other painful sensations.
The air is transparent to the sun's rays. Solar heat is transferred to the surface where the rays fall. The air is heated from the surface. This phenomenon is observed in the morning, when after a cool night it quickly warms up and becomes hot. In spring, thawed patches quickly warm up, snow melts on warm soil, and floods begin.
Warm air is lighter than cold air and can hold large amounts of water vapor. After several hot days, the air contains moisture that evaporates from the surface of water bodies. Warm air rises and gradually cools. The moisture condenses into small droplets that form a cloud. When the cloud overflows, the droplets rush down. The long-awaited rain waters the earth.
Rice. 2. Summer rain.
Air is a heat insulator. Loose snow cover, where air fills the space between snowflakes, protects the soil and plant roots from freezing.
How to study the atmosphere
In the first half of the twentieth century, stratospheric balloons were used to study the atmosphere. These are hot air balloons with a gondola for the crew. Various instruments were installed inside and outside the gondola. However, flights of stratospheric balloons were stopped due to the death of many pilots.
Currently, weather balloons are used that can rise to a height of 30–40 km. They measure temperature, humidity, pressure, wind speed and direction. Special probes for scientific purposes record the composition of the atmosphere, magnetic storms and other parameters.
Rice. 3. Weather balloon.
Ecology lesson notes “The air around us”
Integration of educational areas: “Cognition”, “Music”, Physical Culture”, Communication”, Socialization”, “Health”, “Artistic Creativity”.
Purpose: to generalize and clarify children’s knowledge about air; consolidate basic ideas about the sources of air pollution, the importance of clean air for our health, and some rules of environmental safety.
Objectives: - Develop thinking, memory, speech, interest in cognitive activity; the ability to express assumptions and opinions. — Exercise in correct foot placement, coordination of movements, marching skills, walking on toes. — Arouse interest in completing tasks together, create a friendly attitude. — To instill in children a caring attitude towards the world around them.
Equipment and materials: emblems/blue and pink balloons, according to the number of children, 4 glasses of water, 4 straws, 4 paper napkins, a lump of earth, pebbles, easel, cards on the topics: “How a person uses air”, “Clean and dirty city", cards with activities for cleaning indoor air, air properties; tape recorder, recording: wind noise, songs: words by V. Lebedev-Kumach, music by I. Dunaevsky “Cheerful Wind” and words by N. Olev, music by M. Dunaevsky “Colorful Dreams”, jar of water, balloon on a stick.
Preliminary work: conducting a series of classes about air, elementary experiments to get acquainted with the properties of air, showing a presentation, research walks, observations, excursions, an exhibition of drawings on the topic “Environmental Protection Sign”, memorizing poems, riddles and proverbs about the wind.
Progress of the lesson
Balloon appears (a blue ball with a face drawn on it). The children are on the carpet, standing.
— Hello guys, I'm Balloon. I came to you from a country called Air for help. Residents of our country are concerned about environmental protection on our planet, on planet Earth. And most importantly – about protecting the air on our planet. Residents of our country want to know what you know about our country, which is called Air. What to do to keep the air clean? What do you know about the importance of clean air for our health? Is wind good or bad?
Recording “wind noise”: The balloon is carried away by the wind.
Educator: Children, Balloon was blown away by the wind, let's go in search of him, we need to help him and tell him about everything he asked us about. The road will be long and difficult. Challenges await us along the way.
To the recording of the song “Cheerful Wind,” children approach an easel with diagrams of some properties of air (crossed out nose, mouth, colors, eyes).
I test:
Educator: Children, look at the picture diagrams. Explain what properties air has.
Children: Air is invisible, transparent, colorless, odorless, tasteless.
Educator: Well done, you completed the task. It's time for us to continue our journey.
To the recording of the song “Cheerful Wind,” children walk along a corrective path with “paws.”
Test II: Educator: Children, you have attached badges-emblems of balloons of two colors. Divide into two teams depending on the color of the badge balls and go to the tables on which the equipment for experiments is located.
Educator: Children, you are faced with the following task: try to detect air through experiments.
Team 1 puts the tubes into a glass of water and blows into it. Team 2 puts a pebble, a lump of earth, or a sponge into a container of water.
Educator: Children, explain what you did and proved with your experiments.
Children of the first team: We took the tubes, put them in glasses of water and started blowing into the tubes. Bubbles formed on the surface of the water. This proves that there is air in the water.
Children of the second team: We took a lump of earth, a pebble, a sponge and lowered it all into the water. We noticed that air bubbles appeared in the water. This proves that there is air in the earth, pebbles, and sponges.
Educator: Children, do we have air in us? (the teacher hands out cut strips of paper). Blow on the leaves. What happens to the leaves? Why do the leaves bend?
Children: When we exhale, air (carbon dioxide) comes out of the lungs. The air moves the leaf, so the leaf tilts. This proves that we also have air inside us.
Educator: Children, what is wind?
Children: Wind is the movement of air.
Show how you can feel the movement of air.
Physical education minute:
The wind is blowing in our faces, (arms bent at the elbows, fan your face with your palms) The tree is swaying, (straight arms raised above your head, swing your arms alternately to the right and left). The wind is getting quieter, quieter, (slow down the swaying) The tree is getting lower, lower ( squat, gradually lowering your arms)
Educator: Well done children, but more difficult trials await us ahead.
To the recording of the song “Merry Wind,” children walk along jumping ropes that lead them to the next test.
III test:
Educator: Children, there are pictures in front of you on the tables (an airplane; a parachute; a mill; a fallen tree on a car; a hurricane hitting buildings; people on a hang glider; waves hitting ships in the bay; a sailboat; a man blowing on a dandelion; insects and animals ; houseplants). Take one picture in your hands and look carefully. Answer the question: is wind good or bad for humans?
Children: A fair wind is good for a person if he is on an airplane, parachute, sailboat, hang glider, ship. Wind is good for the reproduction of plants, for the breathing of living beings; people use the properties of the wind to operate the mill. The wind can be bad if it is destructive like a hurricane, it breaks trees, buildings and cars.
Educator: Well done children. You completed this task too. Let's move on.
To the recording of the song “Merry Wind,” children walk on their toes along the rings located near the board.
IV test: Educator: Children, there are two pictures on the board, depicting a smoky city and a green city. What city would you like to live in and why?
Children: We would like to live in a green city, because we need to breathe clean air, drink clean water and not pollute the environment with the air that comes out of the pipes of industrial factories.
To the recording of the song “Merry Wind,” children walk along the rings located near the board on their toes in the opposite direction.
V test: Educator: Children, there are pictures in front of you on the tables (Pictures depicting the ocean, river, forest, mountains, cigarettes, highways with cars pouring smoke from exhaust pipes; a garbage dump; a can spraying an aerosol).
Look at them carefully, one team answers the question: Where is clean air? The second team answers the question: What pollutes the air around us?
Children of the first team: Clean air is found near the ocean, rivers, forests, and mountains.
Children of the second team: Dirty air is located next to the highway, a garbage dump, near a spray can.
Educator: You coped with this task too. It’s time for us to return to the group, maybe Balloon is waiting for you and me there.
To the recording of the song “Cheerful Wind,” children walk in the opposite direction along the jumping ropes, correctional path, and approach the easel.
Educator: There is no balloon here either, and all because we have not yet answered the question “What do we need to do to clean the air in our group?”
Children: In order for the air in our group to be clean, we should ventilate the room, grow indoor plants, and clean the group (only after the children answer, pictures are hung on an easel depicting the equipment used to clean the room, an open window, a houseplant).
To the recording of the song “Colorful Dreams”, Balloon appears.
Educator: Everyone needs air, without it there is no life.
Educator: Children, you know so much about air, but children who are younger than you don’t know this yet, so let’s help them: we’ll come up with and draw signs that will help kids learn to take care of their health and the environment.
The balloon gives a gift - soap bubbles, for the children's good knowledge.
References used: 1. Nikolaeva S.N. “Young ecologist. System of work in the senior group of kindergarten. For working with children 5-6 years old,” Mosaika-Sintez, 2010. 2. Volchkova V.N., Stepanova N.V. “Lesson notes for the senior group of kindergarten. Ecology. Practical guide for educators and methodologists of preschool educational institutions,” TC “Teacher” Pedagogy of modern times, 2006. 3. Solomennikova O.A. “Environmental education in kindergarten” Mosaic-Sintez, 2009. 4. “Lesson notes on the formation of natural science concepts in preschoolers in different age groups”, Detstvo-Press Library of the magazine “Preschool Pedagogy” 2009.
Author: Zalyalieva Leysan Firdinantovna, teacher of the Municipal Autonomous Children's Educational Institution "Kindergarten No. 398 of a combined type" of the Sovetsky district, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan
The article is published in the author's edition
Air is man's friend
In everyday life, people often use inventions that work thanks to the physical properties of atmospheric air. For example, in ancient times it was used in navigation: the wind inflated the sails and ships could move in the desired direction. For a long time, people began to build windmills, the principle of which is to rotate the blades due to atmospheric air flows.
The physical properties of air are actively used in modern industry. A good proof of this is an invention such as a diving bell, which allows you to perform various works under water. The bell is lowered into water, but due to air resistance, oxygen always remains in it, as in the experiment about the glass mentioned earlier. This property allows a person to descend to depth without special equipment and, at the same time, is completely safe for health. This technology is often used to repair bridges, inspect and repair sea and river vessels, and also to help divers search at great depths.
Nowadays, mankind has found many uses of air for their daily life. This is how they inflate tires, wash cars, clean rooms and clothes from dust and small particles of dirt.
The benefits of air for living organisms
Air is essential for the life of all organisms on planet Earth, including humans. In one day, a person takes 20 thousand breaths and the same number of exhalations. When you breathe, the body is saturated with oxygen. So, with the help of blood, it quickly spreads throughout the body and gives each cell the energy it needs to work. After this, the already processed oxygen is exhaled by man into the atmosphere, but as carbon dioxide. Thanks to this process, heat is exchanged between the human body and the environment.
Air is also necessary for the life of animals, because their growth and development, gender and size, even age and daily activity depend on it. Animals react very sharply to a lack of oxygen: their breathing quickens and their blood flow accelerates, while vital processes in their bodies slow down. All this leads to anxiety and serious illnesses in animals.
Air is an integral part of life and for plants. They also need oxygen for breathing, but carbon dioxide for nutrition. Without oxygen, plants would not be able to grow from the ground. This element is necessary for the entire body: roots, stems and leaves. And the amount of carbon dioxide directly affects the quality of life of a plant - the more of it, the better.
The movement of air currents in the atmosphere is also important for plants. If the air moves vertically, it promotes the spread of seeds, pollen and creates a comfortable temperature. But if the air direction is horizontal, then the plants will begin to dry out and wither.
Thus, we can safely say that air is a vital element for people, animals and plants. Its quantity and purity are especially important.
