A little history
History indicates that the development of wood studies led to its application on the most unexpected subjects, which included:
- furniture;
- chests;
- sled;
- utensils used indoors.
Most often there was a symbolic character, and the background tones were: green, blue and sometimes black. Particularly popular were and are drawings with specific themes, showing people and animals.
After World War I, art fell into decline, forcing specialists to look for other sources of income. The revival of the popularity of the direction is associated with the name of I.I. Oveshkov, who opened the workshop to the public.
It organized the training of appropriate personnel, which resulted in an increase in those able to process the source code. Involving a new generation in recreating images develops a sense of belonging to the culture of their country and develops artistic thinking on different levels.
Teaching children in kindergarten and primary school
For kindergarten (senior group), painting a board is one of the ways to teach a child fine art and understand it at a certain level. It is preferable to start practice on paper, as it can be used as a sketch that can be transferred to a harder material.
You just need to prepare your brushes and a few spreads from your notebook (for blanks) to get started. Consider aspects:
- paper should be taken in a format close to A4 (in albums or Whatman paper of appropriate size), and for children from five years old, the best option would be to use also less dense sheets for sketches, from which the whole idea will be transferred finally;
- You will need three brushes to get the best result: core brush, squirrel brush and flute brush. The latter is a flat brush used for small strokes that cannot be made with more substantial varieties;
- masters use oil paints in their work, and in art classes for preschoolers (fifth grade can also use templates for training) it is better to teach with gouache. The standard set includes twelve colors, of which you need to take only eight: white, cherry, bright blue, scarlet, yellow, dark green and red. The last 3 must be mixed, and the remaining ones can be used separately.
At a younger age, decorative drawing is easier to demonstrate to teachers step by step (for beginner adults, a similar method of work is also suitable) in the following sequence:
- sketch the diagram in natural size. Minor details are noted that will be carried over to the final version.
- Highlighting the center of the mosaic and the features that will be applied in each section;
- drawing each fragment thoroughly using the specified tools;
- coating the board with varnish - entrust this phase to those who are older.
Educators and teachers need to control the process at the stage of transferring the plan onto the plane in order to prevent paint from flowing out where it is needed, and to eliminate minor errors faster.
The two main sections of the illustration procedure, underpainting and animation, are performed with different brushes (in the case of floristry, shadows are also drawn between them). First you need to paint the background in an even layer, and then start adding details.
The finished product should be dried before varnishing with a transparent product that protects against fading, burnout and dampness.
“Gorodets salt shaker” lesson plan on applique, modeling (preparatory group)
Application "Gorodets salt shaker"
Goal: To develop children’s skills in creating applicative patterns based on Gorodets painting. Objectives: To ensure that children’s knowledge of Gorodets painting as a type of folk decorative and applied art is consolidated. Arouse interest in the manufacture of household items decorated with Gorodets patterns. Strengthen the ability to cut circles of different sizes and flowers along the contour; teach children to fold the sheet like an accordion carefully so that the corners connect to each other; teach how to transfer a template onto a sheet of colored paper. Develop children's creative abilities and spatial thinking. Cultivate accuracy in work, perseverance, and the desire to complete the work started. Materials and tools needed for work: colored paper, scissors, glue - pencil, pencil, marker or felt-tip pen, ready-made silhouettes of a salt shaker.
Progress
In blue shawls, in red buds, large and small green leaves, they brought a casket from the city.... (Gorodets).In the city of Gorodets they make beautiful things that are needed on the farm. These are kitchen boards, salt shakers, bread bins, spice boxes, etc. They are decorated with floral patterns (roses, roses, daisies, leaves), magical birds, horses. Such elegant things serve not only for storing food, but also decorate the interior of the kitchen.
We begin work by cutting out the templates. We transfer the templates onto colored paper: yellow – salt shaker; green - leaves; for rosan: circle (diameter 5.5 cm) - pink (blue), rosan - white and red (blue), circle (diameter 1.5 cm) - white, circle (diameter 1 cm) - red (blue); for bathing: circle (diameter 3.5 cm) – blue (pink), circle (diameter 1cm) – blue (red), “zhizhka” – white.
Cut out the yellow salt shaker.
Cut out a blue circle with a diameter of 5.5 cm for the rose and a pink circle with a diameter of 3.5 cm for the bath, glue: a blue circle at the bottom of the salt shaker, and a pink circle at the top.
We cut out the white and blue roses, and glue them at the bottom of the salt shaker onto the blue circle: first the white rose, and then the blue one.
Cut out and glue onto the blue rose first a white circle with a diameter of 1.5 cm, and then a blue circle with a diameter of 1 cm.
We cut out a red circle with a diameter of 1 cm and a white “zhivka”, glue it to the pink circle in the upper part of the salt shaker.
Fold a strip of green paper into an accordion shape (2 pieces), trace a leaf stencil, and cut it out.
We glue green leaves: in the lower part of the salt shaker - three leaves to the right and left of the rose (we start with the middle leaf), then in the upper part of the salt shaker - two leaves to the right and left of the bath.
We trace the outline of the salt shaker with a marker.
Gorodets patterns, What a joy for the eyes. Craftswomen are growing up, Maybe among us! And. V. Kadukhina
The main plots outlined for the most part
As a rule, they come across works:
- flowers (rosan, daisies, kupavka). Visualized in the form of a symmetrical bouquet, garland, stripe, wreath or diamond;
- birds (swans, peacocks, roosters, pigeons or cuckoos, depending on the author’s purpose);
- The “tree of life” is the personification of nature. These things contain a lot of components (compounds from plants, birds). The draftsman also draws a horse on the left and right, and occasionally lions, leopards and other exotic things.
Professionals also engage in more advanced types, such as plot painting, where there may be miniatures depicting events in real life or literary works.
Both the interior of a residential building and the streets of populated areas are depicted with the maximum possible number of subtleties. Often in such images you can see elements in the manner of domestic animals located at the feet of the owner. Another feature is the presence of vegetation in the winter landscape outside the building.
Similar crafts are usually embodied in a rectangular configuration, and the edges are decorated with ornaments. There are also round variations, installed on a shelf as decorative plates, the patterns on which are located on the edge.
The box is capable of containing on its edge a few outlines with various situations, the central one of which is placed on the lid or front wall (on the side where the structure opens).
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The description of the life of the peasants reflected the reality of the time period in which the master’s work was carried out as meaningfully as possible. Unusual displays, inscribed in a scene from everyday life, enhance the effect of what they see.
The most important actors are located in the center of the canvas - larger than the rest. Shots of tea parties, feasts, weddings and other events - always with a table where dishes are placed or other secondary objects that reveal the essence of what is happening.
Elements based on folk tales are no less popular and in demand - the plot and characters are recognizable at first sight, and the richness depends only on the imagination of the creator.
Video materials
A short slideshow accompanied by folk music with photographs of products from Gorodets craftsmen
Suitable for display on a projector.
https://youtube.com/watch?v=PvMa-4MUTEM
Master class “Drawing a berry”
Master class “Drawing underpainting”
Master class “Shadow and revival”
Open lesson on visual arts “Gorodets painting”
Decorative drawing classes expand children's knowledge about folk crafts, music, and folklore. The pupils' vocabulary is actively expanding. Palekh, Khokhloma, Gzhel, Gorodets - these words will be filled with meaning for the children and will be preserved in their memory with bright, fabulous images. Studying the features and techniques of Gorodets painting contributes to the development of spatial and figurative thinking, the ability to independently plan actions and construct a composition. By creating drawings based on Gorodets painting, the children themselves can choose the shape of the workpiece, think over the type of future ornament and choose colors for work. The works of masters from Gorodets are close to children with their colorfulness and simplicity of composition, encouraging independent creativity.
Where to start
If you decide to exercise yourself or your son or daughter wants to learn it, it is not necessary to attend any courses. It’s enough to start small - find online lessons in a form convenient for you - this can be a text with illustrations, which shows how the work canvas takes on its own shape.
Other modifications are videos, coloring books, stencils, which allow you to clearly understand everything, and ultimately understand it along the way.
When doing work, it is not advisable to rush, trying to apply shades to the surface as quickly as possible - this will only lead to streaks. Use a pencil to outline the outline, but do not apply pressure.
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Another feature of the operation is the concentration of dark spots on top of light ones. All you have to do is choose the direction in which you are going to create, and therefore you will master Gorodets painting. To improve your skills, you can first select paintings online, and then reproduce your own textures or leitmotifs.
Initially, it is far from perfect, but with constant repetition and honing of the skill, the result will become better, giving the right to trade professionally and on a permanent basis.
“Applique. Kitchen board “Gorodets painting”.
-So what is Gorodets? Let's read about this in the textbook and watch slides with Gorodets painting.The history of Gorodets fishing is not very long. This fishery developed only 150-200 years ago. It originates from carved Gorodets spinning wheels, which had their own peculiarity: a comb and a bottom. To decorate the Donets Gorodets, craftsmen used a unique technique - inlay: figures were cut out of a different type of wood and inserted into a recess of the appropriate shape.
Thus, having only two shades of wood and a simple tool, folk craftsmen turned the surface of the bottom board into a real picture.
Later, for artistic richness, masters began to use tint, a bright combination of yellow with dark oak; the addition of blue, green, and red colors made the bottom even more elegant and colorful.
— Look at the products with Gorodets painting. What do they show?
A significant place in this painting is occupied by floral motifs - lush “roses”, painted broadly and decoratively. Along with genre realistic motifs, decorative images of birds and animals live in Gorodets paintings. There are exotic lions and leopards. Especially often is the image of a hot, strong horse or rooster in a proud, warlike pose. The Gorodets master of painting loves flowers. They are scattered everywhere on the field of paintings with cheerful garlands and bouquets. Flowers in Gorodets painting are a symbol of health and prosperity.
Buds are a type of Gorodets flowers. Kupavka is the most common flower in Gorodets ornament. Rosean reflects the main characteristics of a flower, that is, it has petals and a pronounced center; silhouette in the shape of a circle. The size may be larger than the kupavka. The center of the flower is drawn in the middle. Another feature of this painting is that each element is painted in a certain sequence:
1. Performing underpainting - the main color spots are applied.
2. Detailed drawing of the elements - the spots are complemented by elements: the core, flower petals, leaves.
3. Livening - flowers are decorated with white and black: droplets, stripes, dots.
And the end result is wonderful, amazing urban patterns. The decorativeness of the motifs is emphasized by the decorativeness of color and techniques.
— What paints does the master use when painting?
Favorite backgrounds are bright green or red, deep blue, sometimes black, on which the multicolored Gorodets color splashes especially lushly.
-Now that you have learned about the features of Gorodets painting, I think you will be able to distinguish Gorodets from other types of painting.
-Find items with Gorodets painting among the exhibited works.
-By what signs did you recognize the Gorodets painting?
Conducts physical exercises.
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