USE OF PLANETARIUM IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF COGNITIVE ACTIVITY OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN.

Teacher at State Budgetary Educational Institution "SPK im. PC. Menkova" - Kurnaeva O.S.

Student at State Budgetary Educational Institution "SPK im. PC. Menkova" - Malerik D. A.

Annotation.

The article analyzes the possibilities of using such modern interactive technology as a planetarium in the educational process of preschool educational institutions in order to expand the intellectual level of the child, his divergent thinking, the ability to work in a team, and take an active part in specific activities.

Keywords.

Interactive technologies, development of competencies, divergent thinking, design, direct educational activities.

Modern education requires people to possess such qualities as the ability to navigate in any situation, variability, the ability to look at things critically, and psychological stability. Modern Russian schools are mainly aimed at deepening and expanding the intellectual level of the child, often without taking into account the development of such important competencies as the ability to think in different directions (divergent thinking), the ability to design and implement their own projects, the ability to work in a team, the ability to cope with complex life situations. situations [2].

“We live in an era when the distance from the wildest fantasies to completely real reality is shrinking with incredible speed,” Maxim Gorky once wrote [1]. And now, in an age when technology has stepped far forward, the words of M. Gorky ring especially true: “You can’t go anywhere in the carriage of the past...”[3].

In the modern 21st century, interactive technologies for learning have increasingly begun to be used. The world does not stand still; it is constantly improving and improving in the field of education. Thanks to interactive learning (“a type of information exchange between students and the surrounding information environment”), the process of acquiring knowledge for children becomes much more interesting than ordinary traditional learning. The child interacts with the teacher all the time, being in equal conditions. With the help of interactive technologies, the explanatory and illustrative method of teaching can be relegated to the background, since the preschooler can take an active part in specific activities.

Now we will look at one of the best interactive technologies - a planetarium (from the Latin Planetarius “astrologer, astrologer”). It was first built in Germany in 1925, but it appeared in Russia in 1929. Since those times, this type of technology has been gaining popularity, attracting parents and children, introducing them to the unknown universe and its secrets. .

What was the planetarium like?

The first planetarium consisted of:

optical-mechanical device “Planetarium”;
digital projection device.

In Russia, 39 planetariums were installed, but not evenly, that is, in one city there could be 1 or 2, or not be equipped at all. A separate building was allocated for planetariums.

Later, digital (mobile) planetariums appear, they can be moved. Such a planetarium consists of a dome with a zipper and several projectors, speakers, and light insulation. They became famous due to their inexpensive equipment and uncomplicated use. It is worth noting that one teacher can handle the installation of the planetarium. The dome can accommodate from 10 to 40 people. The weight of the dome ranges from 20 to 40 kilograms [4].

Who does the planetarium work for?

Primarily for children. The planetarium is designed for absolutely every age, from preschoolers to adults. Conversations are conducted with younger children in a playful way. Illustrations are selected to match the content of the material. After the story, watch the movie.

The planetarium is one of the options for an interactive learning system .

This system allows you to achieve complete immersion in the information. To understand the sensations that a child gets in a planetarium, imagine a 3D picture; when you put on glasses, it seems that the picture becomes three-dimensional. And in the planetarium you will see a planet flying straight at you, flying overhead, disappearing behind you. Educational films are 15-20 minutes long, but during this time preschoolers remember more than in a group lesson. These planetarium videos tell children in an accessible form about the planets of the solar system, about the first space explorers. There is also the opportunity to see our planet, the moon, stars, meteorites up close, to plunge into and feel like a part of the vast universe.

How is a planetarium used in preschool classes?

With the advent of the mobile planetarium, which happened not so long ago, direct educational activities in preschool institutions have become more diverse and rich with the use of this equipment. With its help, children are given the opportunity to find themselves in those spaces that not everyone can visit. Broadens the horizons of preschoolers, increases interest and thirst for knowledge.

For example, when getting acquainted with space

Before the start of the lesson, preliminary work (conversation) is carried out with the children on the topic: “Space”, and, going to the planetarium, the children already have ideas about space, planets, stars.
The teacher must remind us of safety precautions : “Cosmonauts are very disciplined people.
And we, like cosmonauts, will very calmly go into the planetarium one after another. You know that astronauts in a rocket are not standing or sitting, but lying down. And we, like real astronauts, will enter our spaceship and travel while lying down. Without a doubt, any journey is interesting and you will want to ask something, but I ask you to remember your questions and ask me them when you leave the planetarium.” The lesson can be taught either by a specially trained person or by a teacher. Working with the planetarium does not cause any great difficulties, which means that anyone can cope with this equipment. Before the lesson, the teacher determines the method by which he will give information to the children, for example, a gaming / comparative method (the Sun is dad, and the planets are his children). With the help of this form of work, great interest is aroused in children, which can be seen in the discipline. The teacher talks about each planet: what it is, temperature, satellites, what it consists of. After finishing the lesson, you can invite the children to draw on a sheet of paper what they liked best and remembered.

When exploring the underwater world

the use of a planetarium creates a on the bottom of the sea/ocean. Thanks to the educational film, which is shown in the dome, children have the opportunity to examine each animal, its real size, and not reduced on the visual aid, method of movement, etc. Children can see a wide variety of sea animals (from the most common - perch, herring, crucian carp, to unusual in appearance - ball fish, sword shark, sunfish, etc.), types of coral reefs, etc. At the end of watching the film, the teacher talks with the children about what they saw and remembered, and then asks them to depict what they liked.

Following conclusions from general psychology, thanks to the unusual presentation, emotional atmosphere, and unusual environment, the acquired knowledge is absorbed faster and more effectively. If you leave the planetarium and ask the guys: “What do you remember?”, be sure that they will tell you most of the material.

The use of interactive technologies in kindergarten stimulates children's cognitive activity, develops divergent thinking, and children's ability to navigate a large flow of information and use it.

Perhaps the planetarium will become the basis for further updates that will arouse great interest among children, or will reveal potential for something [5].

LIST OF SOURCES USED

Gorky, M “On the music of the fat people” State music publishing house: Moscow - 1931.
Danilchenko S.L. Sevastopol Pedagogical College named after P.K. Menkova: from the past to the future // Society, science, education: trends and development prospects. Collective monograph. - Ufa: AETERNA, 2021. - 374 p.
Serov, V.V. “Encyclopedic Dictionary of Catchwords and Expressions” // LLC Publishing House “Lockid Press” - 2005.
[https://www.openbusiness.ru/html/dop11/planetarij.html].
[https://dohcolonoc.ru/cons/9697-ispolzovanie-sovremennogo-interaktivnogo-oborudovaniya.html] .

Purchasing devices

You can buy a planetarium for your school from our company. We offer functional equipment from leading industry manufacturers. In addition to multimedia installations, we offer collapsible chairs, foam chairs and bean bags for installation in a dome.

The price of a mobile mobile planetarium depends on the configuration and in our company varies from 214,000 rubles. for an inflatable dome with a mirror projection system up to 695,000 rubles. for a frame-vacuum dome with a Fepas projection system.

A domed planetarium has many advantages:

ease of transportation;
Possibility of installation outdoors;
quick installation within one hour;
significant dome capacity;
excellent ergonomics;
attractive design;
The equipment is ready for use and does not require additional calibration.

The planetarium reduces the cost of educational trips, expands the possibilities of presenting material for teachers, and can also simply diversify the leisure time of children and adolescents.

For more information about planetariums, please contact our consultants. Specialists will tell you about the characteristics of the equipment, recommend the optimal solution for your tasks and budget, clarify the availability of specific models, and coordinate delivery and payment issues. We work with individuals, businesses and government agencies.

How much can you earn by opening a mobile planetarium?

During weekdays, approximately 8 trips will be made per month; 3 groups (15 people) will be served on each trip. On the weekend there will be about 5 sessions, but the hall will be only 20% occupied. The total number of people served per month will be: (8 x 3 x 15) + (8 x 5 x 15 x 20%) = 480 tickets sold.

Price of 1 ticket = 100 rubles.

Total monthly revenue: 480 x 100 = 48,000 rubles.

Net monthly profit: 48,000 – 30,000 = 18,000 rubles.

Annual profit: 18,000 x 12 = 216,000 rubles.

The payback period for the Mobile Planetarium project will be 1 year.

These indicators are calculated taking into account the very low workload of the project. In conditions of decent advertising and daily work, economic efficiency indicators will be much higher.

Selecting a room

The “mobility” of the planetarium means that it will move around schools and kindergartens. You can store it at home or in the garage - it does not take up much space when assembled.

Another option is to rent a space in the city museum. This way you can attract visitors to regular shows, as well as take the planetarium to schools and kindergartens on quiet days.

Staff

To organize a mobile planetarium, only two workers are needed:

Assembler/installer - 5'000 ₽
Lecturer in astronomy - 25'000 ₽
Total — 30'000 ₽

You can save on the first employee if the lecturer can assemble and disassemble the planetarium and transport it by car. If all these functions are combined by the business owner, then even better.

However, if you do not understand astronomy, it is better to find a lecturer. This could be a university teacher, who will give a few extra points to your project, or a school physics teacher.

How to advertise a business

Marketing for a mobile planetarium is not as difficult as it might seem. Use targeted advertising by contacting educational institutions directly. You can print leaflets or booklets, the second option is to make a presentation with colorful photographs or videos and excerpts from stories.

Post announcements on city forums, news portals, and social networks. Systematicity is important here. Beautiful announcements on poles and stops can also work - but check with the city administration in advance.

Creating a business card website and then promoting it in search results is also an excellent option, given that today it is cheap, and you can even do a simple landing page yourself.

Pros and cons of business

✅The advantages of doing business on a mobile planetarium include:

Ease of management and processes
Quick payback and return on investment
High profitability
Suitable for beginners

❌The disadvantages and risks of business include:

High competition - if direct competitors appear, income may drop sharply
Low demand
Decline in sales due to summer season
Technological risks

Under favorable conditions, a thorough analysis of the local market and a developed promotion strategy, a planetarium is an excellent business option with high returns for newcomers to commerce.

Permits and documents

Business registration

To open a business, register an individual entrepreneur with the tax service of your city.
When registering, please indicate OKVED 92.51, “Activities of libraries, archives, club-type institutions,” section “On the provision of other communal, social and personal services.” Choose the simplified tax system if a patent is not available for this type of activity in your region. Starting from the new year, anyone starting their own business can register as a self-employed person, paying tax on professional activities: check if such a system suits you.

List of documents for the individual entrepreneur form

A copy of the passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation (confirmed by the original)
Application for registration of an individual as an individual entrepreneur
Receipt for payment of state duty for opening an individual entrepreneur

What equipment to choose for a mobile planetarium

Sessions can be attended by a variety of age groups, and there are many films to suit different interests and ages. The dome with a diameter of 5 meters can accommodate up to 15 people.

It is possible to purchase planetarium equipment individually or as a complete turnkey set. The list of required equipment includes:

Dome
Spherical mirror
Projector Full hd 1920*1080
Player with connecting cables
Supercharger
Acoustic system
Projector stands and mirrors
Connecting wires
Movie

All this will cost approximately 155,000 rubles.

You will also need chairs or sofas (RUB 15,000), as well as equipment delivery (RUB 20,000). Total capital investments will amount to 190,000 rubles.